A Constitutive Modeling and Experimental Effect of Shock Wave on the Microstructural Sub-strengthening of Granular Copper

A. Sharma, A. Sharma, N. Thakur
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Abstract

Micro-sized copper powder (99.95%; O≤0.3) has been shock-processed with explosives of high detonation velocities of the order of 7.5km/s to observe the structural and microstructural sub-strengthening. Axisymmetric shock-consolidation technique has been used to obtain conglomerates of granular Cu. The technique involves the cylindrical compaction system wherein the explosive-charge is in direct proximity with the powder whereas the other uses indirect shock pressure with die-plunger geometry. Numeric simulations have been performed on with Eulerian code dynamics. The simulated results show a good agreement with the experimental observation of detonation parameters like detonation velocity, pressure, particle velocity and shock pressure in the reactive media. A pin contactor method has been utilized to calculate the detonation pressure experimentally. Wide angled x-ray diffraction studies reveal that the crystalline structure (FCC) of the shocked specimen matches with the un-shocked specimen. Field emissive scanning electron microscopic examination of the compacted specimens show a good sub-structural strengthening and complement the theoretical considerations. Laser diffraction based particle size analyzer also points towards the reduced particle size of the shock-processed specimen under high detonation velocities. Micro-hardness tests conducted under variable loads of 0.1kg, 0.05kg and 0.025kg force with diamond indenter optical micrographs indicate a high order of micro-hardness of the order of 159Hv. Nitrogen pycnometry used for the density measurement of the compacts shows that a compacted density of the order of 99.3% theoretical mean density has been achieved.
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冲击波对颗粒铜微观组织亚强化的本构模拟及实验影响
微细铜粉(99.95%;O≤0.3)用7.5km/s左右的高爆速炸药进行冲击处理,观察组织和显微组织的亚强化。采用轴对称冲击固结技术获得了粒状铜的砾岩。该技术涉及圆柱压实系统,其中炸药装药与粉末直接接近,而其他技术则使用具有模塞几何形状的间接冲击压力。利用欧拉代码动力学进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与反应介质中爆轰速度、压力、颗粒速度和激波压力等爆轰参数的实验观测结果吻合较好。采用针接触器法对爆轰压力进行了实验计算。广角x射线衍射研究表明,受冲击试样的晶体结构(FCC)与未受冲击试样相匹配。对压实试样的场发射扫描电镜检查显示了良好的亚结构强化,并补充了理论考虑。基于激光衍射的粒度分析仪也指出了在高爆速下冲击处理试样的粒度减小。在0.1kg、0.05kg和0.025kg力的变载荷下,用金刚石压头光学显微照片进行显微硬度测试,显微硬度达到159Hv量级。用氮气比重法测定了压实剂的密度,结果表明,压实剂的密度达到了理论平均密度的99.3%。
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