Trends in Juvenile Delinquency from a Criminal Psychology and Criminology Perspective

Noémi Emőke Baráth
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Abstract

 Juvenile crime has been showing a downward trend for years both in Hungary and internationally. Despite this, many young people are still caught by the authorities. In the study, we use the analysis of Hungarian and international statistical data to see what structural changes have occurred in the structure of crime in the past period. We assume that the – temporarily – punishable deviant behaviour of the child and juvenile population, in the absence of a suitable treatment system, turns from episodic perpetration into a series of acts. We will examine how the social, economic, demographic and legislative background influences juvenile delinquency and which psychological explanations help to understand and manage the path leading to the development of the situation. It is also important to keep technological changes in mind, since there are an increasing number of juveniles among the perpetrators of cybercrimes. Data quality and statistical diversity also present challenges to researchers, we also try to synthesise these data in the article, which can provide an explanation for why other data can be found in some databases that are not in line with each other. The study partially covers the explanation of the criminological and criminal psychological reasons behind the commission of crime. The performed analysis can contribute to the more efficient functioning of the investigative authority and the welfare system dealing with juveniles, by providing a prismatic overview of the changing trends in this paper.
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从犯罪心理学和犯罪学的角度看青少年犯罪的趋势
多年来,无论是在匈牙利还是在国际上,青少年犯罪都呈下降趋势。尽管如此,许多年轻人仍然被当局抓住。在这项研究中,我们使用匈牙利和国际统计数据的分析,看看在过去的一段时间里,犯罪结构发生了什么结构性变化。我们假设,儿童和青少年的越轨行为——暂时应该受到惩罚——在缺乏适当的处理系统的情况下,会从偶发的犯罪变成一系列的行为。我们将研究社会、经济、人口和立法背景如何影响青少年犯罪,以及哪些心理学解释有助于理解和管理导致这种情况发展的道路。同样重要的是要记住技术的变化,因为在网络犯罪的肇事者中有越来越多的青少年。数据质量和统计多样性也给研究人员带来了挑战,我们也试图在文章中综合这些数据,这可以解释为什么其他数据可以在一些数据库中找到彼此不一致的数据。该研究部分包括对犯罪背后的犯罪学和犯罪心理学原因的解释。所进行的分析可以通过对本文中变化趋势的全面概述,有助于调查当局和处理青少年问题的福利制度更有效地发挥作用。
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