Urban Parks: from romanticizing to sanitation – from theory to reality

Larissa Fernanda Vieira Martins
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Abstract

Urban parks have always accompanied the history of man. They represent the main areas for leisure, recreation and contact with nature in city environments. Identifying the formation and transition processes of these spaces reveals the influences that determined parks’ profiles as they are today. This article sets out to trace the historical, conceptual and functional evolution of urban parks and identify tendencies in the typologies of new parks. The historical method is employed whereby investigations of processes in the past enable a verification of their influence on present day society. In the past, parks emerged to improve urban populations’ quality of life in the post-industrialization period whereas, nowadays, parks seek to strike a balance between built up areas and natural ones. Against that background parks are a response to the needs and aspirations of the population in each historical period of its living experience. Currently the most frequently proposed park typology is that of ‘linear parks’ associated to water courses. Given the absence of spaces in cities that would enable the maintenance of ecological integrity in valley-bottoms, and the advanced state of degradation of those environments, new parks tend to be designed from a sanitation perspective as their functionalities can foster flood control by means of permeable areas, avoidance of irregular occupation by attributing new land use, and contributions to the quality of life by making leisure and recreation spaces available. This research contributes by systematizing the evolutive process and identifying tendencies in the configuration of new parks to address contemporary needs. .
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城市公园:从浪漫到卫生——从理论到现实
城市公园一直伴随着人类的历史。它们代表了城市环境中休闲、娱乐和与自然接触的主要区域。识别这些空间的形成和过渡过程揭示了决定公园概况的影响。本文旨在追溯城市公园的历史、概念和功能演变,并确定新公园的类型学趋势。采用历史方法,通过对过去过程的调查,可以验证它们对当今社会的影响。在过去的后工业化时期,公园的出现是为了提高城市人口的生活质量,而现在,公园寻求的是在人造区域和自然区域之间取得平衡。在此背景下,公园是对人们在其生活经历的每个历史时期的需求和愿望的回应。目前最常提出的公园类型是与水道相关的“线性公园”。考虑到城市中缺乏能够维持山谷底部生态完整性的空间,以及这些环境退化的先进状态,新公园往往从卫生的角度来设计,因为它们的功能可以通过渗透区域来促进洪水控制,通过分配新的土地用途来避免不规律的占用,并通过提供休闲和娱乐空间来提高生活质量。本研究将发展过程系统化,并确定了新公园配置的趋势,以满足当代需求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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