Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih (Plumeria acuminata) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis secara in-vitro

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus sanguinis has role to initiate dental plaque formation and contribute the development of caries. Bacterial growth can be inhibited by utilizing herbs such as white frangipani leaves (Plumeria acuminata) which are contained antibacterial compounds, namely saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The aim of this study was to know the inhibitory power of ethanol extract of white frangipani leaf on the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (in-vitro). Method: A true experimental research has been done using post-test only control group design. White frangipani leaf extract was made by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The number of samples used in this study was 30, which were divided into 3 treatment groups and 2 control groups. Treatment groups were given white frangipani leaf extract with 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations. Control groups were given 0.2% chlorhexidine as positive control and aquadest as negative control. The inhibitory test method used in this study was disc diffusion method. Result: Phytochemical test results of white frangipani leaf extract showed the presence of saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The inhibitory test results showed the average diameter of the inhibition zone of 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations were 7.17 mm, 9.17 mm, and 12 mm respectively. The result of Kruskal-Wallis comparative test was p<0.05, it was mean the average diameter of the inhibition zone between the three treatment groups and the two control groups were significantly different. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of white frangipani leaf (Plumeria acuminata) with concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% are able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (in-vitro).   Latar Belakang: Streptococcus sanguinis berperan menginisiasi pembentukan plak gigi dan berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan karies. Pertumbuhan bakteri dapat dihambat dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam seperti daun kamboja putih (Plumeria acuminata). Daun kamboja putih diketahui mengandung senyawa antibakteri seperti saponin, fenol, tanin, steroid, flavonoid dan alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis secara in-vitro. Metode: Penelitian true experimental dilakukan dengan post-test only control group design pada bakteri Streptococcus sanguinis. Ekstrak daun kamboja putih dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan dan 2 kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 75%. Kelompok kontrol diberikan klorheksidin 0,2% sebagai kontrol positif dan aquades sebagai kontrol negatif. Metode uji daya hambat yang digunakan adalah metode difusi cakram. Hasil: Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih menunjukkan terdapat senyawa saponin, fenol, tanin, steroid, flavonoid dan alkaloid. Hasil uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis menunjukkan rerata diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,17 mm pada konsentrasi 25%, 9,17 mm pada konsentrasi 50%, dan 12 mm pada konsentrasi 75%. Hasil uji komparatif Kruskal-Wallis diperoleh nilai p<0,05 yang menunjukkan rerata diameter zona hambat pada ketiga kelompok perlakuan dan kedua kelompok kontrol memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun kamboja putih (Plumeria acuminata) dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 75% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis secara in-vitro.