PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS ALPUKAT (PERSEA AMERICANA [MILL]) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN JUMLAH ERITROSIT IBU HAMIL

Abstract

Anemia terjadi di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara berkembang dan pada kelompok sosio-ekonomi rendah, yaitu pada 45 % wanita. Anemia merupakan salah satu penyebab tidak langsung kematian ibu. Berbagai upaya dilakukan, namun belum menunjukkan hasil maksimal. Perlu upaya lain berupa pemberian jus alpukat untuk mengatasi anemia kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus alpukat terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan jumlah eritrosit ibu hamil. Jenis penelitian Quasi experimental design, dilaksanakan bulan November s.d. Desember 2017 di Puskesmas Sindang. Jumlah responden 33 ibu hamil trimester II, kadar Hb < 11 g/dL ditentukan dengan purposive sampling. Responden mengisi kuesioner, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar Hb dan jumlah eritrosit 3 kali yaitu pre, hari ke-7, dan 14 setelah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, analisis bivariat menggunakan independent dan paired sample t-test serta analisis mulitivariat menggunakan repeated measures ANOVA. Mengonsumsi jus alpukat selama 14 hari efektif meningkatkan kadar Hb dan jumlah eritrosit. Hasil uji beda tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar Hb dan jumlah eritrosit antara kelompok kontrol dengan intervensi. Hb rata-rata kelompok kontrol 10,375 g/dL sedangkan intervensi 10,653 g/dL (nilai p=0,986). Jumlah eritrosit rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol yaitu 3,455 juta/mm3 sedangkan intervensi 3,614 juta/mm3 (nilai p=0,763). Uji multivariat terlihat perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol dengan intervensi. Pada kelompok kontrol kadar Hb rata-rata (p=0,441) sedangkan intervensi (p=0,023). Untuk jumlah eritrosit rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol (p=1,000) sedangkan intervensi (p=0,043). Simpulan peneltian adalah terdapat pengaruh positif pemberian jus alpukat selama 14 hari terhadap peningkatan kadar Hb dan jumlah eritrosit rata-rata, namun tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Abstrak Anemia occurs worlwide, especially in developing countries and in low socioeconomic groups. i.e. in 45% of women. Anemia is one of the causes of bleeding. Various attempts have been made, but have not shown the maximum results. Need other efforts in the nutrition form of avocado juice to overcome the anemia of pregnancy. This research aims to determine the effect of avocado juice on hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels of pregnant women. The type of this research is Quasi Experimental design which implemented in November to December 2017 with 33 respondents of trimester II pregnant women who have HB<11g/dL and determined by purposes sampling. Repondents filled out questionnaires to determine their characteristics and performed laboratorium checkup 3 times, pre, on day 7 and 14 after intervention. The data analysis was done descriptively, hypothesis testing using independent sample t-test, to know the effectiveness of avocado juice using paired sample t-test and to know the difference of mean of Hb and erythrocytes using ANOVA repeated measures test. Consuming avocado juice for 14 days was effective in increasing the average of Hb and erythrocyte levels. LSD post hoc test results showed significant differences in Hb and erythrocytes mean (Hb p-value = 0.023 and erythrocytes p-value = 0.043) in the intervention group between pre and day 14 post intervention. While in the control group p-value p= 0.441 for Hb and erythrocytes p=1.000. The conclusion of this research that there was a positive effect of consuming avocado juice for 14 days in increasing the average of Hb and erythrocyte levels, but the hypothesis test result showed that there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group.