Concept, Manufacturing and Characterization of Effervescent Tablets: A Review

Abstract

Effervescent tablets are easy to consume due to this they are getting popular over other oral dosage forms. Effervescent tablets get break when they are put in water or juice which causes tablet to dissolve and form a solution. USFDA redefined the definition to Effervescent tablet is a tablet intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before administration. Effervescent tablets consists of acids/acid salt, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, flavour, sweetener, etc. which release carbon dioxide when it is added to water. Following chemical reaction takes place in effervescent tablets [1]. C6H8O7 (aq) + 3NaHCO3 (aq) → Na3C6H5O7 (aq) + 4H2O + 3CO2 (g) ↑ Citric acid + Sodium bicarbonate → Sodium citrate + Water + Carbon dioxide The above reaction occurs due to presence of water, because water is one of the reaction product which accelerates the reaction, leading to difficulty in stopping the reaction. Due to this reason manufacturing and storage of effervescent product is planned by minimizing their contact with water [2,3].