The Bangladesh Economy: Navigating the Turning Point

K. Basu
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Abstract

a period of trial, made worse by a devastating famine in 1974, which began in Rangpur district and then swept through the rest of the country (Sobhan 1979). Matters got worse when the Nixon administration, still smarting from Bangladesh having gained independence, which the US government had resisted, suddenly cut off food aid on the grounds that Bangladesh was earning money by exporting jute bags to Cuba. Today, as Bangladesh celebrates 50 years of independence, it is worth recalling that, while the nation was born out of the grand idea of building a just, humanitarian, and inclusive society, at the time of its birth it was one of Asia’s—and in fact the world’s—poorest nations.1. Many observers were reconciled to Bangladesh remaining a basket case that would have to be supported with food aid and propped up with money from international organizations.2. When the Bangladesh economy grew rapidly in the mid-1990s, it was viewed as a freak interlude. It is a remarkable turnaround that, in defiance of all expectations, Bangladesh today is a middleincome country with a per-capita income significantly higher than that of Pakistan and neck and neck with India’s. This is especially true since the COVID-19 pandemic hit the Indian economy harder than many other nations. On a personal note, there are few countries for which I have had the privilege of a view as close as I have had for THE BANGLADESH ECONOMY: NAVIGATING THE TURNING POINT
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孟加拉国经济:在转折点上航行
这是一段考验时期,1974年一场毁灭性的饥荒使情况变得更糟,这场饥荒从Rangpur地区开始,然后席卷了全国其他地区(Sobhan 1979)。当尼克松政府对孟加拉国获得独立(美国政府一直反对)仍耿耿于的时候,事情变得更糟了。尼克松政府突然切断了对孟加拉国的粮食援助,理由是孟加拉国通过向古巴出口黄麻袋赚钱。今天,在孟加拉国庆祝独立50周年之际,值得回顾的是,虽然这个国家诞生于建立一个公正、人道主义和包容社会的伟大理念,但在它诞生时,它是亚洲——实际上是世界上——最贫穷的国家之一。许多观察员认为,孟加拉国仍然是一个毫无希望的国家,必须得到粮食援助和国际组织的资金支持。上世纪90年代中期,当孟加拉国经济快速增长时,它被视为一个反常的插曲。出乎所有人的意料,今天的孟加拉国是一个中等收入国家,人均收入远高于巴基斯坦,与印度并驾齐驱,这是一个了不起的转变。鉴于2019冠状病毒病大流行对印度经济的打击比其他许多国家都要严重,这一点尤其正确。就我个人而言,很少有哪个国家能像《孟加拉国经济:在转折点上航行》一书那样有幸近距离观察
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