Design and Development of an Automated Hydroponics System based on IoT with Data Logging

Abstract

The proposed system is a process which could double or even triple the rate of crop growth and cultivation if done efficiently. It involves basic water flow motors, soil nutrient sensors (will vary based on the crop cultivated), soil pH sensor and an IoT based controller (Arduino nano) integrating them together. The system will allow for the best delivery of water and nutrients to the crop with minimal losses, hence significantly improving the rate of growth and significantly reducing the area of cultivation. Water streams will be passed directly through the plant roots which only grow to the required lengths instead of water streams or sprinklers in the soil which may cause severe water and nutrient losses as mentioned. Hydroponics farms are estimated to have an increase in crop cultivation and production by around 110 tons (160 tons to 270 tons). This is paired with a 90% improvement in water saving when compared to present systems. An estimated area of $10\ \mathrm{x}\ 10 \mathrm{x}\ 10$ meters would be able to produce a crop yield equivalent to 1 acre of conventional agriculture when using hydroponics.