B. Vasquez, E. Lima, A. Maka, Mario Jorge Cardoso Mendonca
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引用次数: 15
Abstract
In this article we use the theory of conditional forecasts to develop a new Monetary Conditions Index (MCI) for Brazil and compare it to the ones constructed using the methodologies suggested by Bernanke and Mihov (1998) and Batini and Turnbull (2002). We use Sims and Zha (1999) and Waggoner and Zha (1999) approaches to develop and compute Bayesian error bands for the MCIs. The new indicator we develop is called the Conditional Monetary Conditions Index (CMCI) and is constructed using, alternatively, Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) and Forward-Looking (FL) models. The CMCI is the forecasted output gap, conditioned on observed values of the nominal interest rate (the Selic rate) and of the real exchange rate. We show that the CMCI, when compared to the MCI developed by Batini and Turnbull (2002), is a better measure of monetary policy stance because it takes into account the endogeneity of variables involved in the analysis. The CMCI and the Bernanke and Mihov MCI (BMCI), despite conceptual differences, show similarities in their chronology of the stance of monetary policy in Brazil. The CMCI is a smoother version of the BMCI, possibly because the impact of changes in the observed values of the Selic rate is partially compensated by changes in the value of the real exchange rate. The Brazilian monetary policy, in the 2000:9- 2005:4 period and according to the last two indicators, has been expansionary near election months. Neste artigo utiliza-se a teoria das previsoes condicionais para o desenvolvimento de um novo Indice de Condicoes Monetarias [Monetary Conditions Index (MCI)] para o Brasil, comparando-o com os indices obtidos seguindo as metodologias sugeridas por Bernanke e Mihov (1998) e Batini e Turnbull (2002). Adicionalmente, desenvolvem-se e calculam-se intervalos de confianca bayesianos para os MCIs, empregando-se a abordagem proposta por Sims e Zha (1999) e Waggoner e Zha (1999). O novo indicador desenvolvido e chamado de Indice de Condicoes Monetarias Condicional [Conditional Monetary Conditionals Index (CMCI)], e e construido utilizando-se alternativamente os modelos de Auto-regressao Vetorial Estrutural [Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) e Antecipativo [Forward-Looking (FL). O CMCI e a previsao do hiato do produto, condicionada aos valores observados da taxa de juros nominal (taxa Selic) e da taxa de câmbio real. Mostra-se que o CMCI, comparado ao MCI desenvolvido por Batini e Turnbull (2002), e um melhor indicador do estado da politica monetaria porque leva em consideracao a endogeneidade das variaveis envolvidas na analise. O CMCI e o MCI Bernanke-Mihov (BMCI), apesar das diferencas conceituais, estabelecem uma cronologia semelhante para o estado da politica monetaria no Brasil. O CMCI e uma versao suavizada do BMCI, provavelmente porque o impacto de mudancas nos valores observados da taxa Selic e parcialmente compensado por mudancas no valor da taxa de câmbio real. De acordo com o CMCI e o BMCI, no periodo entre setembro de 2000 e abril de 2005, a politica monetaria brasileira tem sido expansionista nos meses proximos as eleicoes.
在本文中,我们使用条件预测理论为巴西开发了一个新的货币条件指数(MCI),并将其与使用Bernanke和Mihov(1998)以及Batini和Turnbull(2002)建议的方法构建的指数进行比较。我们使用Sims和Zha(1999)以及Waggoner和Zha(1999)的方法来开发和计算MCIs的贝叶斯误差带。我们开发的新指标被称为条件货币条件指数(CMCI),并使用结构向量自回归(SVARs)和前瞻性(FL)模型构建。CMCI是预测的产出缺口,以观察到的名义利率(Selic rate)和实际汇率为条件。我们表明,与巴蒂尼和特恩布尔(2002)开发的MCI相比,CMCI是货币政策立场的更好衡量标准,因为它考虑了分析中涉及的变量的内生性。CMCI和伯南克和米霍夫MCI (BMCI),尽管在概念上有所不同,但在巴西货币政策立场的时序上显示出相似之处。CMCI是BMCI的一个平滑版本,可能是因为Selic汇率的观测值变化的影响部分地被实际汇率的变化所补偿。在2000年9月至2005年4月期间,以及根据最后两个指标,巴西的货币政策在临近大选的月份一直是扩张性的。Neste artigo utilizas -se a teoria as previses Conditions para or desenvolvimento de um novo Index de Condicoes Monetarias[货币条件指数(Monetary Conditions Index, MCI)] para o brazil, comcomo Index obtidos segindo作为方法参考,如por Bernanke e Mihov(1998)和Batini e Turnbull(2002)。附加的、非卷积的、可计算的、可识别的贝叶斯区间的、可识别的、可识别的、可识别的建议(参见Sims e Zha(1999)和Waggoner e Zha(1999))。新指标desenvolvido(条件指数、条件货币条件指数、条件货币条件指数)、结构向量自回归(结构向量自回归)和前瞻性预测(FL)模型的构建、利用和替代。CMCI是一种对产品、条件和价值进行预估的方法,对标称分类系统(分类系统Selic)和实际分类系统(分类系统CMCI)进行观察。Mostra-se que of CMCI,与MCI desenvolvido (Batini e Turnbull, 2002)的比较,我们的主要指标是建立在政治货币政策水平的基础上,考虑到不同因素的内因性,并对其进行了分析。CMCI和贝南克-米霍夫(BMCI Bernanke-Mihov, BMCI)在概念上的差异,建立了一种似乎与巴西政治货币政策相关的政策体系。因此,CMCI e uma versao suavizada do BMCI,即对土壤质量的影响的实证研究,特别是对土壤质量的补偿,以及对土壤质量的评价。从2000年到2005年3月,巴西的政治货币政策一直是扩张主义,而不是经济扩张主义。