Sensitivity and specificity of anti-HIV ELISA employing recombinant (p24, p66, gp120) and synthetic (gp41) viral antigenic peptides.

Abstract

We have developed two immunoassay systems, one designated HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA that uses as antigens the immunodominant epitopes mixed from each of three major groups of HIV-1 proteins: the core (p24), the pol (p66) and the env (gp41) gene. The other immunoassay system consists of four separate ELISAs for detection of single antibodies to HIV gag gene (p24), HIV pol gene (p66) and HIV env gene (gp41 and gp120). In the present study 200 specimens from patients with AIDS and 200 specimens from patients with ARC were repeatedly positive by HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA. 1425 specimens from HIV drug addicts positive at W.B. were positive at HIV (p24, gp41, p66) ELISA. In addition, 60 samples that were indeterminate by W.B., were repeatedly positive at HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of HIV (p24, p66, gp41) is estimated to be 100%. In this study 1507 specimens from HIV drug addicts, positive at W.B., were all positive (more than one test positive) at HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA and HIV gp120 ELISA used in combination. 135 samples from HIV positive drug addicts, positive at standard ELISA but indeterminate at W.B., were positive by HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA and HIV gp120 ELISA using the same criteria as in W.B. interpretation. The specificity (defined in terms of percentage of non-reacting persons in a low risk population) of HIV p24 ELISA, HIV gp41 ELISA, HIV p66 ELISA, HIV gp120 ELISA is 100%. In this work we demonstrated that: a) HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA could be used as an adjunct or reliable alternative to standard ELISA for detection or confirmation of HIV antibodies in human sera; b) the specificity and sensitivity of antibodies to p24, p66, gp41, gp120 by ELISA used alone and/or in combination, is equal to or greater than W.B.