Cultural Neuroaesthetics of Delicate Sadness Induced by Noh Masks

N. Osaka
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Abstract

As an investigator of how culture interacts with neuroaesthetics in Japanese art, the author’s goal in the article under discussion is to explore the neural mechanisms involved in the social, affective, and cognitive processes of sadness induced by the Noh mask. Why do seemingly negative emotions, such as sadness, play a critical role in aesthetic experiences in the Noh theater? What brain activity is involved in feeling delicate sadness? Sadness induced by faces involves cortical interactions among various brain areas such as the amygdala, striatum, fusiform face area, and insula. The expectation for reward, hidden in the appreciation of the sad mask, might be a social reward. If so, it may be that appreciating sadness masks engages a common system that drives the expectation of negative rewards. The author ran a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which participants’ brains were scanned while watching sad Noh masks. Results confirmed predictions, revealing activation of the right amygdala while viewing sad masks.
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能面具引发的微妙悲伤的文化神经美学
作为一名研究日本艺术中文化如何与神经美学相互作用的研究者,作者在这篇文章中所讨论的目标是探索由能面具引起的悲伤的社会、情感和认知过程中所涉及的神经机制。为什么表面上的消极情绪,如悲伤,在能剧的审美体验中起着关键作用?感受微妙的悲伤涉及到什么大脑活动?面部表情引起的悲伤涉及杏仁核、纹状体、梭状面区和脑岛等脑区之间的皮质相互作用。对奖励的期待,隐藏在对悲伤面具的欣赏中,可能是一种社会奖励。如果是这样的话,那可能是因为欣赏悲伤的面具涉及到一种共同的系统,这种系统驱动了对负面奖励的预期。作者进行了一项功能性磁共振成像研究,在该研究中,参与者在观看悲伤的能能面具时扫描大脑。结果证实了预测,显示了当看到悲伤的面具时,右侧杏仁核被激活。
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