Analysis of Wake Effect on Wind Power Generation for Loss Minimization in Distribution System

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of most commonly used DG technology for the loss minimization with a contribution towards improving the power efficiency and power quality of distribution system. Wind power as DG is considered and the hourly performance has been analyzed using a standard IEEE 28 bus radial distribution system. A new Load Impedance Matrix (LIM) method is implemented for load flow study. Uncertainty in wind speed distribution is generated on a six-hour gap using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). A wind farm is designed with the certain irregular arrangement of wind turbines. The downstream wind turbines in the wind farm experiences wake effect due to the disturbed wind flow caused by upstream wind turbines. Wake effect reduces the effective wind speed and hence the power generation from the wind. The wake generated wind speed depends on the distance between the turbines. The effect of wake on free wind speed for several horizontally varying distances is presented in this paper. A new wind farm layout is availed to minimize the wake effect as well as the optimized power output extraction from minimum wind farmland area. The hourly air density effect is also considered for the calculation of hourly wind power generation. The wind powered DG sizing and location are determined by Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique. This gives the most minimum line losses in the test distribution network.