Effect of vasodilation and vasoconstriction on microvascular pressures in skeletal muscle.

S T Ballard, M A Hill, G A Meininger
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Abstract

The effect of topically applied papaverine (PAP) and norepinephrine (NE), on the microvascular pressure distribution was studied in the cremaster muscle of anesthetized rats. The cremaster muscle was exteriorized into a tissue bath containing Krebs bicarbonate buffer, and microvessel diameters and pressures were measured using a video caliper and the resistance servo-null method, respectively. Pressures were measured in the 1st through 4th branch order arterioles (1A to 4A) and 1st through 4th branch order venules (1V to 4V). Resistances were calculated across each segment from pressure gradients and 1A blood flow which was estimated from red cell velocities. PAP (10 microM) produced approximately a 15% decrease in arteriolar pressures with a concomitant increase in venular pressures of between 15 and 50%. In contrast, NE (0.1 microM) significantly increased arteriolar pressure by approximately 30% and decreased venular pressure by about 25%. Changes in systemic pressure during treatment with PAP and NE were small or insignificant and could not account for the observed changes in microvascular pressure. Significant dilation was observed in 3A, 4A, and 3V vessels after papaverine. In comparison, NE caused significant constriction in all vessel orders except 4V. PAP decreased resistance across all segments between 1A and 4V by 22-42% and increased venular resistance by almost 400%. NE increased resistance in all microvascular segments with the largest changes occurring in 2A to 3A (+276%) and 4A to 4V (+277%) segments. These data demonstrate that PAP and NE induce significant and opposite changes in arteriolar and venular pressures. Such network alterations in microvascular pressure should be considered when evaluating microvascular reactivity and exchange in the presence of vasoactive agents.

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血管舒张与收缩对骨骼肌微血管压力的影响。
研究了局部应用罂粟碱(PAP)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)对麻醉大鼠胸肌微血管压力分布的影响。将肌群外化到含有克雷布斯碳酸氢盐缓冲液的组织浴中,分别使用视频卡尺和电阻伺服零值法测量微血管直径和压力。测量第1至第4支小动脉(1A至4A)和第1至第4支小静脉(1V至4V)的压力。通过压力梯度和从红细胞速度估计的1A血流量计算每个节段的阻力。PAP(10微米)可使小动脉压降低约15%,同时静脉压升高15%至50%。相比之下,NE(0.1微米)显著增加了约30%的小动脉压,降低了约25%的静脉压。在PAP和NE治疗期间,体压变化很小或不显著,不能解释观察到的微血管压力变化。罂粟碱作用后,3A、4A和3V血管明显扩张。相比之下,NE在除4V外的所有血管阶均引起显著收缩。PAP降低了1A和4V之间所有节段的阻力22-42%,增加了近400%的静脉阻力。NE增加了所有微血管节段的阻力,其中最大的变化发生在2A至3A(+276%)和4A至4V(+277%)节段。这些数据表明,PAP和NE诱导动脉和静脉压力的显著和相反的变化。在血管活性药物存在下评估微血管反应性和交换时,应考虑微血管压力的这种网络改变。
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