Proliferation and Viability of L929 Cells in Synthetic Flexible Bone Grafts

Abstract

Allografts and autografts are widely used to repair damaged hard tissue. Various limitations such as immune response, long recovery times, and loss of mechanical and biological properties are frequently encountered in the clinic as a result of using grafts. The regenerated tissue should be biomechanically durable and effective. 3D synthetic scaffolds help the cells create their own matrices and integrate into the host tissue with the implant degradation over time. $\beta$-TCP has been the most preferred bioceramic in recent years due to its high osteocompatibility and high mechanical strength. Flexibility is also critical in clinical practice to facilitate the surgeon's desired shape of the graft material in the surgical area during the operation. Shaping the graft material in the surgical field during the procedure prolongs the surgical time and increases the probability of infection. Ideal synthetic bone grafts should increase the adhesion and osteogenesis of bone cells while being degraded with body fluids. A certain concentrations of silicate additive have been shown in studies that increase bone regeneration capacity and increase osteogenesis. Within the scope of this study, osteoconductive $\beta$-TCP and osteoinductive silicate additive tissue scaffolds were prepared by mixing with PLA in order to provide flexibility and mimic the extracellular matrix. After testing the biocompatibility of the scaffolds produced in vitro, mouse fibroblast cell was used to examine the effect on stem cell differentiation. For this purpose, cells were cultured into the produced scaffolds and the analysis of proliferation and viability of cells were done by using MTT assay and live and dead analysis.