Data-Layout Reorganization for an Efficient Intra-Node Assembly of a Spectral Finite-Element Method

Abstract

The Finite-Element Method (FEM) is routinely used to solve Partial Differential Equations (PDE) in various scientific domains. For seismic waves modeling, the Spectral Element Method (SEM), which is a specific formulation of the classical FEM approach, have gained significant attention for the last two decades. This is explained both from the very good numerical accuracy of this method and from the parallel performance of classical MPI-based implementations that scale up to several tens of thousands computing cores. Nevertheless, the trend for current processors with an increasing level of low-level parallelism requires significant efforts at the shared-memory level. One major bottleneck is coming from the standard FEM assembly phase that leads to significant amount of irregular memory accesses. This prevents any efficient automatic optimizations from the compiler for instance. In this paper, we extract a kernel from a spectral-element application dedicated to earthquake simulations in complex geological medium (EFISPEC code developed at BRGM, the French Geological Survey). We study the intra-node behavior and we propose different levels of optimization (data-layout, manual vectorization, multi-threading) to fully benefit from SIMD units and NUMA architectures. Experiments performed on Intel Broadwell architecture show that the proposed optimizations dramatically improve the intra-node performance of the mini-application. Moreover, our results show a good match with rooflines theoretical performance models. We believe that these optimizations are not specific to this mini-application and may be implemented in different SEM and FEM based solvers as well.