Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: Scopes, lasers and disposables (part 2)

Abstract

Flexible instrumentation is the mainstay of minimal invasive stone surgery and this led to the invention of smaller and safer instruments which performed remarkable good to a variety of procedures. Further developments like digital technology and single use ureteroscopes which along with similar technological advances in lasers and disposables transformed flexible surgery in a tool of paramount importance in the intrarenal surgery of various clinical entities. This is the second part of our review of the literature concerning the advances