Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and antibacterial activities of Ziziphus Species (Z. jujube and Z. spina christi)

Abstract

Despite tremendous progress in human medicines infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is particularly large in developing countries due to relative unavailability of medicines and emergence of widespread drugs resistance (Zampini 2009).The aim and objectives of this research work was designed to carried out the Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the Ziziphus jujube and Ziziphus spina christi leaves against clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphloccoccus  aureus and Klebsiella  pneumoniae) as they were found out that since ancient times to date, they are used in treating various antimicrobial, ailmentand disorders etc. The results of the research shows that, the effect of antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujube (e extract conc. aqueous; F=119.37, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=1.00 and extract conc. ethanol; F=15.74, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=0.59) are reciprocal proportional to their counterpart, Ziziphus spina-christi (extract conc. aqueous; F=54.96, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=0.94 and extract conc. ethanol; F=81.11, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=1.37). In sum, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus jujube shows that, the aqueous extract has M.I.C at range of 11.7 to 8.7mg/ml on all tested bacteria but the ethanolic extract has M.I.C of 14.8 to 8.2mg/ml range on E.coli, Klepsiella spp and S. aureus. While, the minimum inhibitory concentraton of Ziziphus spina-christi shows that the M.I.C of aqueous extract range of 12.8 to 8.3mg/ml on E. coli, Klepsiella spp and S.aureus. But, Ziziphus spina-christi M.I.C of ethanolic extract is 13.5 to 8.8mg/ml on all the tested bacteria. In sum, Zizuphus spina-christi has lower nutritional content and low MIC ethanolic extract than that of Ziziphus jujube.