Actions needed to achieve ambitious objectives of net gains in natural ecosystem area by 2030 and beyond

Abstract

1 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-surYvette, France, 2 CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya, 3 Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 4 Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway, 5 Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, 6 Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 7 Ecology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, 8 Department of Ecosystem Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 9 Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, 10 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 11 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, 12 Biodiversity Change theme, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 13 Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 14 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa, 15 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 16 NSW Department of Planning, Industry and the Environment, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia, 17 Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 18 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 19 Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria