The exact convergence rate in the ergodic theorem of Lubotzky–Phillips–Sarnak and a universal lower bound on discrepancies

Abstract

We compute exact convergence rates in von Neumann type ergodic theorems when the acting group of measure preserving transformations is free and the means are taken over spheres or over balls defined by a word metric. Relying on the upper bounds on the spectra of Koopman operators deduced by Lubozky, Phillips, and Sarnak from Deligne's work on the Weil conjecture, we compute the exact convergence rate for the free groups (of rank $(p+1)/2$ where $p\equiv 1\mod 4$ is prime) of isometries of the round sphere defined by Lipschitz quaternions. We also show that any finite rank free group of automorphisms of the torus realizes the lowest possible discrepancy and prove a matching upper bound on the convergence rate.