Editorial: Embedded, Cyber-Physical, Hybrid…

S. Shukla
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Abstract

This editorial is the last one in Volume 13 of this journal. Thanks to the ACM publications staff especially Laura Lander, our journal assistant, Ms. Jeyel Tecson, and, most importantly, our production manager, Joanne Pello. We have been able to fit all the pending special issues and many articles waiting in the queue for a very long time inside the various extra issues of Volume 13, some of which are online-only issues to save pages and time. The next issue will begin Volume 14 of this journal, and I note that with great admiration for everyone who helped us clear the immense backlog – in particular the special issue articles. Before I briefly summarize the content of this last issue of Volume 13, let me bring up a topic germane to this journal and to the entire field of embedded systems research and education. It is about terminology, taxonomy of research areas or sub-disciplines that often confuse us, and often launch us into great debate at conference venues and other meeting places. This journal is titled Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. What exactly does the discipline " embedded computing systems " entail? These days, the most thrown-around term is cyber-physical systems (CPS). In the mid-nineties there were a lot of discussions on hybrid systems (HS). What are their ontological relationships? It is actually interesting to note that, while all of these are related and often used in place of each other, certainly, chronologically, CPS is the newest buzzword that has been making the rounds for about the last 10 years, starting with the US federal funding agencies and gradually reaching worldwide acceptance. Hybrid systems initially meant systems where at least two models of computation interact – in particular, a continuous time one, representing the dynamics of a physical system, and a discrete time one, representing digital computer-based implementation of control algorithms that oversee such physical dynamics. In the early nineties, much of the research in hybrid systems saw a convergence of control systems research and digital implementation of control algorithms. In particular, the main focus was on formal models as well as the representation and analysis of such models for verification and synthesis purposes. Hybrid automata, rectangular automata, hybrid I/O automata, timed automata, and many other formal model and analysis techniques were proposed and implemented. Certainly, these models and analysis techniques that originated from the need to verify that control …
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社论:嵌入式、网络物理、混合…
这篇社论是本刊第13卷的最后一篇。感谢ACM出版社的工作人员,特别是劳拉·兰德,我们的期刊助理杰耶尔·特森女士,最重要的是,我们的制作经理乔安妮·佩洛。为了节省版面和时间,我们把所有尚未完成的特刊和许多排了很长时间队的文章都塞进了第13卷的各种增刊中,其中一些是网络版。下一期将开始第14卷,我非常钦佩每一个帮助我们清理大量积压的人,特别是特刊文章。在简要总结第13卷最后一期的内容之前,请允许我提出一个与本杂志以及整个嵌入式系统研究和教育领域相关的主题。它是关于术语、研究领域或子学科的分类学,经常让我们感到困惑,经常让我们在会议场所和其他会议场所陷入激烈的辩论。这本杂志的标题是嵌入式计算系统的交易。“嵌入式计算系统”这门学科究竟意味着什么?如今,最常用的术语是网络物理系统(CPS)。在九十年代中期,有很多关于混合动力系统(HS)的讨论。它们的本体论关系是什么?值得注意的是,虽然所有这些都是相互关联的,而且经常相互代替,但从时间顺序来看,CPS是最近的流行语,在过去的10年里一直在流行,从美国联邦资助机构开始,逐渐被全世界所接受。混合系统最初意味着至少有两个计算模型相互作用的系统——特别是,一个连续时间模型,代表物理系统的动力学,一个离散时间模型,代表监督这种物理动力学的控制算法的基于数字计算机的实现。在90年代早期,混合系统的许多研究看到了控制系统研究和控制算法的数字实现的收敛。特别是,主要的焦点是正式的模型,以及为了核查和综合的目的而对这些模型的表示和分析。混合自动机、矩形自动机、混合I/O自动机、时间自动机以及许多其他形式化的模型和分析技术被提出并实现。当然,这些模型和分析技术源于验证控制的需要……
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