RESPONSIVENESS OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT TO THE METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND BACKGROUNDS OF NUTRITION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRE-KAMA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Abstract

The main limiting factor in obtaining high and stable yields of spring wheat on gray forest soils of the Predkamye of the Republic of Tatarstan is the provision of plants with nutrients and low biological activity of the soil.The purpose of the study is to determine the complex impact of the methods of basic tillage and nutrition backgrounds on the productivity of spring wheat. Studies were conducted in 2019-2020. on light gray forest soils of LLC AF "Ayu" of the Arsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field germination of spring wheat over the years of research amounted to 85-87%, the safety of seedlings for harvesting was 74.1-77.6%.The results of crop weediness in the crop rotation link showed that there were relatively fewer weeds in the background of the main tillage - plowing. Against the background of straw application, there was an increase in the number of weeds, and against the background of the cultivation of reaping siderate, its decrease.The corresponding field germination and preservation of plants with a slight weediness of crops contributed to the formation of the yield of spring wheat of the Al Varis variety when sealing siderate to 2.77 t / ha for plowing and up to 3.14 t / ha for combined tillage. Spring wheat grain with a high protein and gluten content was formed on the options for the use of combined tillage against the background of the introduction of crop siderate and amounted to 14.16 and 29.1%, respectively, against 13.48 and 27.5% on the mineral background for plowing.The vitreousness of grain was higher on the backgrounds of the use of biofactors, in combined processing it was 67-64%, in plowing - 65-63%, on a mineral background 62 and 61%, respectively.