The “Soviet Project” in the North Caucasus: Estimates, Successes and Miscalculations

S. Khubulova
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Abstract

. The article examines the implementation of the “Soviet project” in the North Caucasus in the 1920s–1930s. The analysis of the literature allowed us to come to the conclusion that this problem, despite its obvious relevance, is still insufficiently investigated. Meanwhile, the correctness of the decisions taken and their successful implementation depend on the interaction of the federal Center and the regions. Based on this, the purpose of the article is to analyze the historiographical situation around the history of the reception of the “Soviet project” on the territory of the North Caucasian subjects in the interwar period. The variety of interpretations of both the term “Soviet project” and the mechanisms of its implementation does not allow a single concept to develop, which ultimately introduces dissonance into the study of the problem. This article is staged, because it is supposed to study the main trends in historical science related to modernization as a more general problem of Soviet socio-economic and cultural life of the 1920s–1930s. The analysis of literature and archival sources led to the conclusion that the integration of the region into the socio-cultural space of the country has given certain positive results. However, the artificial equalization of ethnic groups that stood at different stages of public life led to miscalculations in the ongoing transformations, and, consequently, the collapse of many initiatives, often going against the traditional forms of life of the mountain village, which caused tension between the population and the authorities.
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北高加索的“苏联计划”:估计、成功与错误
. 本文考察了20世纪20 - 30年代“苏联计划”在北高加索地区的实施情况。对文献的分析使我们得出这样的结论:尽管这个问题有明显的相关性,但对它的研究仍然不够充分。同时,所作决定的正确性及其成功实施取决于联邦中央和各地区的相互作用。在此基础上,本文的目的是分析两次世界大战期间北高加索主体领土上接受“苏联计划”的史学状况。对“苏联计划”一词及其实施机制的各种解释不允许一个单一的概念发展,这最终将不和谐引入问题的研究中。这篇文章是阶段性的,因为它应该研究与现代化有关的历史科学的主要趋势,作为20世纪20年代至30年代苏联社会经济和文化生活的一个更普遍的问题。对文献和档案资料的分析得出的结论是,该地区融入国家的社会文化空间已经产生了一定的积极成果。然而,对处于公共生活不同阶段的种族群体的人为平等导致了对正在进行的变革的错误估计,并因此导致了许多倡议的失败,这些倡议往往与山村的传统生活方式背道而驰,从而造成了人口与当局之间的紧张关系。
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