Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds

V. Krnjaja, T. Petrović, S. Stankovic, M. Lukić, Z. Škrbić, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić
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Abstract

In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29?g kg-1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56?g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.
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家禽饲料中的霉菌群和黄曲霉毒素B1
在本研究中,对2016年从塞尔维亚不同家禽养殖场采集的30只家禽(鸡和蛋鸡)饲料样本进行了真菌和黄曲霉毒素污染检测。采用平板计数法和标准真菌学方法,测定真菌总数和潜在的产毒真菌属。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)的自然发生。真菌总数在1 × 102 (2 log CFU -1) ~ 1.83 × 105 CFU -1 (5.26 log CFU -1)之间。大多数鸡饲料(78.57%)的真菌总数在1 × 102 ~ 4.8 × 104 CFU -1之间,68.75%的蛋鸡饲料的真菌总数在5.3 × 104 ~ 1.83 × 105 CFU -1之间。21.43%的鸡饲料真菌污染超标。三个潜在的产毒真菌属,曲霉,镰刀菌和青霉,已经确定。在检测的家禽饲料样品中,与镰刀菌和青霉菌污染的样品相比,被曲霉污染的样品更多。AFB1的检测浓度为1.34 ~ 18.29?G kg-1,平均为4.47和4.56?G kg-1分别在鸡和蛋鸡饲料样品中。14.29%的鸡饲料中AFB1含量超标。获得的结果证实了对家禽饲料进行持续真菌学和真菌毒理学控制的重要性,以及需要改进对食物链中这类污染物的风险评估。
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