Agenesis of Pectoralis Major Muscle in Late-OnsetGFPT1-Related Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to expand the phenotypic spectrum of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 ( GFPT1 )–related congenital myasthenia syndrome (CMS). Methods A 61-year-old man with agenesis of the left pectoralis major muscle presented with progressive muscle weakness for a decade that transiently improved after exertion. Results His examination revealed proximal and distal muscle weakness in upper extremities and proximal muscle weakness in lower extremities. Muscle enzymes were elevated. An electromyogram revealed a myopathic pattern; however, a muscle biopsy of deltoid muscle and genetic testing for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies were nondiagnostic. A 3-Hz repetitive nerve stimulation of the spinal accessory nerve recording from trapezius muscle demonstrated a >20% drop in amplitude of the 5th compound motor action potential relative to 1st at both baseline and after 45-second exercise. Acetylcholine receptor binding, lipoprotein-related protein 4, muscle-specific kinase, and voltage-gated calcium channel P/Q antibodies were negative. Genetic testing targeting CMS revealed 2 likely pathogenic variants within GFPT1 : novel c.7+2T>G (intron 1) that was predicted to result in a null allele and known c*22 C>A (exon 19) associated with reduced GFPT1 expression. His muscle strength dramatically improved after pyridostigmine initiation. Discussion In addition to other reported neurodevelopmental abnormalities, pectoralis major muscle agenesis (or Poland syndrome) may be a clinical manifestation of GFPT1 -related CMS.