Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk alters survival, cause of death, and demographic patterns in juvenile snowshoe hares

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI:10.1139/cjz-2023-0046
Jacob L. Seguin, Melanie R. Boudreau, Sophia Lavergne, Ryan Lamoureux, Charles J. Krebs, Rudy Boonstra
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Abstract

Perceived predation risk alters prey behaviour and physiology, but few studies have examined downstream consequences on prey demography in wild populations. Perceived predation risk could alter adult reproductive performance via reduced investment in offspring quality and post-birth care. We manipulated perceived predation risk in snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) by exposing pregnant mothers to chases by a domestic dog ( Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758). Litter size was comparable between risk-augmented and control groups, but treated females had more stillbirths and gave birth to leverets of lower body condition. Leverets from risk-augmented females had 88% higher 40-day mortality rate. Maternally preventable causes of death like starvation or predation by red squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777)) caused this difference, particularly during the nursing period. Risk-augmented mothers were always more active than controls, but the difference was greatest during the nursing period. We found that perceived predation risk reduces maternal productivity pre- and post-partum, implying downstream consequences to populations. Because our treatment ended before parturition, we can link offspring performance such as survival and behaviour specifically to maternal life-history trade-offs, which has not been shown in a wild mammal.
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感知捕食风险的实验操作改变了幼年雪鞋兔的生存、死亡原因和人口统计学模式
感知到的捕食风险会改变猎物的行为和生理,但很少有研究调查野生种群对猎物数量的下游影响。感知到的捕食风险可以通过减少对后代质量和产后护理的投资来改变成人的生殖表现。我们通过将怀孕的雪鞋兔暴露于家犬(Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758)的追逐中,来操纵雪鞋兔(Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777)的感知捕食风险。产仔数在风险增加组和对照组之间是相当的,但治疗过的雌性有更多的死产,产下的小白鼠身体状况较低。来自风险增强雌性的小杠杆40天死亡率高出88%。母亲可预防的死亡原因,如饥饿或被红松鼠(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777))捕食造成了这种差异,特别是在哺乳期。风险增加的母亲总是比对照组更活跃,但在哺乳期间差异最大。我们发现,感知到的捕食风险降低了产前和产后的孕产妇生产力,这意味着对种群的下游后果。因为我们的治疗在分娩前就结束了,我们可以将后代的表现,如生存和行为,具体地与母亲的生活史权衡联系起来,这在野生哺乳动物中还没有显示出来。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.
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