A Dedicated Application of Evolutionary Algorithms: Synchrotron X-ray Radiation Optimization based on an in-vacuum Undulator

Abstract

Following the rapid growth in accelerator-based light sources research since the mid of 20th century, miscellaneous 3rd generation Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facilities such as SSRL, APS, ESRF, PETRA-III and SPring-8 have come into existence. These SR source facilities provide 10^20 to 10^25 photons/s/mrad^2/mm^2/0.1%BW peak brightness within the photon energy range of 10-10^5 eV. Since different measurement techniques are utilized at X-ray beamlines of SR facilities, many kinds of Insertion Devices (i.e. undulators and wigglers) and optical components (e.g. High Resolution Monochromators (HRM), Double Crystal Monochromators (DCM), lenses, mirrors etc.) are employed for each experimental setup as a matter of course. Under the circumstances, optimization of a synchrotron beamline is a big concern for many scientists to ensure required radiation characteristics (i.e. photon flux, spot size, photon energy etc.) for dedicated user experiments. In this respect, an in-vacuum hybrid undulator driven by a 6 GeV synchrotron electron beam, is optimized using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). Finally, it is shown that EA results are well-consistent with both the literature and the analytical calculations, resulting in a promising design estimation for beamline scientists.