The application of carboxylic acids on the surface of titanate nanotubes for further functionalization

Abstract

Recently, the accelerated development in the field of nanotechnology brought numerous advantages to many aspects of human life. This rapid growing deserves an exceptional attention as it offers substantial contribution to the world of science with its novel, brilliant nano-sized products. Titanate nanotubes (TNTs) are one of these distinctive nanomaterials which were introduced as a superior replacement for their organic counterparts (carbon nanotubes). The special characteristics of TNTs such as their high mechanical strength, good wettability and biocompatibility make them one of the most promised nanoparticles that were recently discovered (Ranjous et al, 2019; Sipos et al, 2018). Altering surface properties of these newly synthesized materials could be required for several purposes such as reducing toxicity or enhancing permeability (Chia and Leong, 2016; Soenen et al, 2010; Ranjous et al, 2021). For this reason, this study aims to functionalize the surface of TNTs with different types of carboxylic acids (trichloroacetic acid, citric acid and acrylic acid) and investigate their ability to act as possible linkers for further functionalization later with additional molecules like polyethylene glycol (PEG) which supposed to improve aqueous solubility, prolong circulation time, reduce toxicity and prevent aggregation (Lipka et al, 2010; Mano et al, 2012).