Energy Management Strategy for PV PSO MPPT / Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid System with Hydrogen Production and Storage

Abstract

Due to the high uncertainty of renewable energy sources, and the diversity of energy sources and storage systems, it is mandatory to seek a controller that manages all these renewable energy sources and this hybrid energy storage. This paper proposed a renewable energy management system using flatness control and PID and PSO technologies that track the maximum power point from the PV array and manages the energy storage elements. Two energy storage are adopted: battery storage and hydrogen tank. The proposed (Nero-fuzzy) controller also works to fill the hydrogen storage tank wisely and safely by controlling the alkaline electrolyzer and the tank's pressure. The main aim of this combined system is to attain power stability. Since the PV is the primary production source, a PSO MPPT is a proposed system for optimum power delivered by the PV under different radiation and temperature conditions. The fuel cell has been used to compensate for the energy lost when there is a lack of control due to weather conditions or high-power demand by the DC load. A battery was coupled to the DC bus to respond quickly to the power requirement. When the radiation intensity is 1000 W/m2, the PV will generate enough 18 kW to supply the load, run the electrolyzer 7 kW, and charge the batteries. While in the radiation change, when it is 240 W/m2, the solar panels produce (4.3 kW) and the load (4.7 kW). The battery works first because of its quick response, and then the fuel cell works to generate instead of it, which is sufficient to operate the load only. The results show a stable and fast response grid under different weather conditions and load scenarios.