Optimization of the Mechanical Properties of Bio-degradable Plastics from Chitosan with Acetic Acid Solvent

Ani Purwanti, Eka Sulistyaningsih, Wisnu Prayogo, Muhammad Yusuf
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Abstract

Shrimp shell waste contains chitin which can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan can be utilized as an edible plastic. The film is expected to maintain food quality by resisting water vapour transfer as a preservative and maintaining odour. Edible plastics as food protectors are expected to have optimal mechanical properties. Chitosan films are brittle, so plasticizers are used to increase their flexibility. The mechanical properties of the film may change during storage time. The decline in film quality is expected to be fast enough to allow edible plastics for food wrapping. This study aims to determine the effect of glycerol addition and film storage time on the mechanical properties of edible chitosan film. From the results obtained, adding glycerol plasticizer produces films with thickness and elongation that tend to increase. In contrast, the tensile strength value increases and then decreases with the addition of glycerol. The optimal mechanical strength value was obtained in the film solution with glycerol at 0.3 mL/g chitosan with a maximum tensile strength of 200 kgf/cm2 and a per cent elongation of 135%. The thickness of the film produced was 0.17 mm. The film produced in this study has met the standards of film mechanical strength (tensile strength and per cent elongation) based on the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). Meanwhile, based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the tensile strength value produced in this study has yet to meet the SNI standard.
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醋酸溶剂对壳聚糖生物降解塑料力学性能的优化研究
虾壳废弃物中含有几丁质,可加工成壳聚糖。壳聚糖可作为食用塑料。该薄膜被期望通过作为防腐剂抵抗水蒸气转移和保持气味来保持食品质量。食用塑料作为食品保护剂有望具有最佳的机械性能。壳聚糖薄膜易碎,因此使用增塑剂来增加其柔韧性。薄膜的力学性能在贮存期间可能发生变化。薄膜质量的下降速度预计足以让食用塑料用于食品包装。研究了甘油添加量和成膜时间对食用壳聚糖薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入甘油增塑剂后,薄膜的厚度和伸长率都有增大的趋势。而拉伸强度值则随甘油的加入先增大后减小。在含有0.3 mL/g壳聚糖的甘油溶液中获得最佳机械强度值,最大拉伸强度为200 kgf/cm2,伸长率为135%。所得薄膜厚度为0.17 mm。本研究生产的薄膜达到了基于日本工业标准(JIS)的薄膜机械强度(抗拉强度和伸长率)标准。同时,基于印尼国家标准(SNI),本研究得出的抗拉强度值尚未达到SNI标准。
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