{"title":"Developing a conservation behaviour scale for understanding birdwatchers’ behaviour towards birds","authors":"Marjan Jafarpour, Haywantee Ramkissoon","doi":"10.1080/14724049.2023.2279491","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDetermination of the psychological factors of human activity towards species supports the achievement of conservation-oriented management goals in an ecotourism setting. This paper develops measures related to the causes that predict intentions toward disturbance behaviour on birds among Malaysian birdwatchers. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the theory of normative conduct and the cognitive hierarchy model are incorporated into a comprehensive model of study as the Predictor Bird Conservation Model (PBCM) based on a quantitative approach, a five-point Likert scale of measurement was developed for the items. The measures were assessed for convergent validity, collinearity, significance and relevance of the formative indicators for each construct. The structural equation model (SEM), specifically the partial least squares method, was used to assess the convergent validity of the formative measurement model. Results from 50 birders in the initial test and 421 birders in the primary test show that the instrument is reliable and valid for further study to assess the structural model in the future. Our results supported a conservation measurement model of birdwatchers’ behaviours towards birds. This research can also provide useful instruction for developing psychological measures to monitor tourist behaviour towards wildlife.KEYWORDS: Disturbance behaviourbirdwatcherspsychological measuresscale developmentformative measurement model AcknowledgementsThe author Marjan Jafarpour is grateful to Dr Manohar Mariapan, who assisted her as the supervisor during PhD period.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author (s).Data availability statementData are available upon request via email to the corresponding author.","PeriodicalId":39714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecotourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ecotourism","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2023.2279491","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACTDetermination of the psychological factors of human activity towards species supports the achievement of conservation-oriented management goals in an ecotourism setting. This paper develops measures related to the causes that predict intentions toward disturbance behaviour on birds among Malaysian birdwatchers. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the theory of normative conduct and the cognitive hierarchy model are incorporated into a comprehensive model of study as the Predictor Bird Conservation Model (PBCM) based on a quantitative approach, a five-point Likert scale of measurement was developed for the items. The measures were assessed for convergent validity, collinearity, significance and relevance of the formative indicators for each construct. The structural equation model (SEM), specifically the partial least squares method, was used to assess the convergent validity of the formative measurement model. Results from 50 birders in the initial test and 421 birders in the primary test show that the instrument is reliable and valid for further study to assess the structural model in the future. Our results supported a conservation measurement model of birdwatchers’ behaviours towards birds. This research can also provide useful instruction for developing psychological measures to monitor tourist behaviour towards wildlife.KEYWORDS: Disturbance behaviourbirdwatcherspsychological measuresscale developmentformative measurement model AcknowledgementsThe author Marjan Jafarpour is grateful to Dr Manohar Mariapan, who assisted her as the supervisor during PhD period.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author (s).Data availability statementData are available upon request via email to the corresponding author.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Ecotourism seeks to advance the field by examining the social, economic, and ecological aspects of ecotourism at a number of scales, and including regions from around the world. Journal of Ecotourism welcomes conceptual, theoretical, and empirical research, particularly where it contributes to the dissemination of new ideas and models of ecotourism planning, development, management, and good practice. While the focus of the journal rests on a type of tourism based principally on natural history - along with other associated features of the man-land nexus - it will consider papers which investigate ecotourism as part of a broader nature based tourism, as well as those works which compare or contrast ecotourism/ists with other forms of tourism/ists.