Critical Minerals and the Global Energy Transition: Recognising Global South Perspectives

Abstract

This study analyses the complexity of the global value chain for critical minerals needed to power the current global energy transition. The Global South possesses copious amounts of minerals such as copper, graphite, lithium, cobalt, and nickel, making it a focal point in the energy transition. Responsible and prudent utilisation of the Global South's mineral resources will support its economic growth and development. To realise this potential, however, it is necessary to recognise the unique requirements of these broad regions, which go beyond economic importance and security of supply, typically the primary determinants of minerals criticality in the Global North. Developing a sustainable value chain for critical minerals in the Global South requires robust policy and legal and regulatory frameworks incorporating environmental protection, social responsibility, and harnessing the economic benefits of a growing mining industry. This article sets out some of the policy foundations that may contribute to the design of these frameworks.