In2O3 Nanoparticles: An Ecofriendly and Reusable Nano-Catalyst for Green Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro Xanthene Derivatives

Abstract

A novel, singular, and reusable In₂O₃ nanocatalyst was synthesized in the laboratory using a hydrothermal process. The In₂O₃ catalyst was characterized via specific strategies like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was used to study the functional groups present in the In₂O₃ catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the elemental composition of the catalyst. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the catalyst at a microscale level. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the catalyst, and data analysis confirmed the formation of the crystalline phase of the In₂O₃ catalyst. The synthesized In₂O₃ catalyst was used for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro xanthene derivatives with 94% yield within 15 min of workup, this makes it a cost-effective and sustainable option for future synthesis reactions. Overall, the synthesis of this novel In₂O₃ nanocatalyst and its successful application in the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro xanthene derivatives highlights the potential of green chemistry approaches in developing efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processes.