Infrahyoid flap—a good substitute for free flaps in oral reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Aim

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, experts have recommended simplifying the process of reconstruction following the extirpation of head and neck cancer by favouring the use of pedicled flaps over free flaps. This approach reduces the duration of the operation and mitigates the risk of free flap failure, which can be exacerbated by the hypercoagulopathy state seen in infected patients. We aim to contribute our experience with the pedicled infrahyoid flap, a procedure not previously reported in Hong Kong.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study including patients who underwent infrahyoid flap reconstruction following resection of oral cavity cancer. Data for a total of nine patients were retrospectively retrieved from the hospital's computerised systems, and these patients were evaluated for demographic information, clinicopathologic parameters as well as oral function and reconstruction outcomes.

Results

Among the nine infrahyoid flaps used, eight were myocutaneous flaps and one was a muscle flap. The dimensions of the flap skin ranged from 24.0 to 46.72 cm². All of the flaps, with the exception of one case that experienced epidermolysis of the flap skin, exhibited complete survival. Fortunately, the epidermolysis healed without complications, such as the development of an orocutaneous fistula. The average time required for flap harvesting was approximately 1 hour. All nine patients were able to resume oral feeding and achieved satisfactory speech outcomes. Seven of these patients survived without any tumour recurrence, but unfortunately, two patients died due to lung metastases.

Conclusions

The infrahyoid flap proves to be a viable alternative to free flaps for the repair of medium-sized oral defects, especially in compromised patients and during the COVID-19 pandemic.