Guidelines for leveling problem areas of ecological and economic consequences of greenhouse emissions in the regions of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The existing trends of climate change create a lot of problems and fronts of work for states around the world, creating the need to continue building up a set of steps to prevent climate change in the Russian Federation simultaneously with the implementation of adaptation to new climatic conditions. It is necessary to put forward priority initiatives with a view to their application in Russian climate policy. The article discusses the characteristics and potential effectiveness of measures regarding transformation in the environmental, economic, and legal spheres. Economically feasible initiatives to solve ecological and economic problems to increase energy efficiency indicators, structural transformation of the fuel balance, ensuring the fixation of emissions and CO2 content are presented, characterized, justified. The experience of applying cost-effective measures in the framework of leveling the negative effects of greenhouse emissions is analyzed. Considering the sectors of the economy that make the greatest contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to single out the production of electricity and heat. This is followed by transport, manufacturing and construction (mainly cement and similar materials), agriculture. Taking into account the implementation of the entire range of proposed measures, energy use will decrease by 36% by 2030, and greenhouse gas emissions by 51% in relation to the same time period relative to the baseline. The timely formation of a correct regulatory framework, the development of regulatory and reporting processes, subsidizing mechanisms, and the modernization of production structures will allow optimizing the results of the functioning of carbon-intensive industries in the context of the consequences of the introduction of a “carbon tax” with the least losses, adapting the industrial sector of Russia to new conditions.