Epidemiological Features and Clinical Manifestations of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: An Emerging Health Risk in Hambantota, Sri Lanka

KAM Sudarshani, T Eswaramohan, A Murugananthan, HCE Wegiriya, VNH De Silva, V Somaratna
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Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an established disease in Sri Lanka. Present study was designed to investigate the epidemiological features, clinical manifestations and the relationship between CL cases and rainfall in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka from March, 2014 to December, 2015. CL suspected patients who presented to Tangalle and Hambantota hospitals during this period were included in the study. After conducting a clinical examination, a descriptive study was carried out using a questionnaire. Slit-skin smears were taken, stained with Giemsa and examined under a light microscope to identify Leishmania amastigotes. Results showed that the highest CL cases were reported from Tangalle District Secretory Division (DSD) out of 12 DSDs in Hambantota district (P<0.05). Majority of patients were >50 years old. Males were more infected than females. Higher number of CL patients were students (χ2 (10) = 6.41, P=0.781). Most of the patients had single lesion on arms, legs and faces/cheeks. Size of the most lesions was >2mm -<1cm and the duration of the most lesions were <06 months. The common clinical characteristics of lesions were erythematous and dry. Further, findings revealed that the higher number of CL cases were reported in March, May, August, October in 2014 and January to March in 2015 in which the study area had received higher amount of rainfall. Findings of the present study showed that the CL incidences and its distribution within Hambantota district had increased. It is essential to consider CL as a public health problem in Hambantota district. Bangladesh J. Zool. 51(1): 71-85, 2023
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皮肤利什曼病的流行病学特征和临床表现:斯里兰卡汉班托塔一种新出现的健康风险
皮肤利什曼病(CL)是斯里兰卡的一种既定疾病。本研究旨在调查2014年3月至2015年12月斯里兰卡汉班托塔地区CL的流行病学特征、临床表现及病例与降雨量的关系。在此期间到Tangalle和Hambantota医院就诊的CL疑似患者被纳入研究。在进行临床检查后,使用问卷进行描述性研究。取裂口皮肤涂片,用吉姆沙染色,在光镜下检查利什曼原虫无鞭毛体。结果显示,在汉班托塔区12个区秘书司中,Tangalle区秘书司(DSD)报告的CL病例最多(p < 0.05)。大多数患者年龄为50岁。男性的感染率高于女性。CL患者以学生为主(χ2 (10) = 6.41, P=0.781)。大多数患者在手臂、腿部和面部/脸颊有单一病变。病灶大小以2mm ~ 1cm居多,病灶持续时间以06个月居多。病变的共同临床特征是红斑和干燥。研究区2014年3月、5月、8月、10月和2015年1 - 3月降水量较高,CL病例数较多。本研究结果表明,汉班托塔地区的CL发病率和分布有所增加。必须将CL视为汉班托塔地区的一个公共卫生问题。中国生物医学工程学报,2016,31 (1):391 - 391
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