Secondary Control of Islanded Microgrids Using cascade PID Controllers tuned by combined GA and TLBO Algorithm

Abstract

Electricity grids are now focusing on a new idea called "microgrids" (MG). The idea is to produce energy to reduce dependence on variable cost fuels and reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The system under study is made up of a variety of energy sources, including controllable, renewable and non-controllable sources, as well as energy storage options. This combination is skillfully managed to ensure the MG's reliability and transparency in the face of intermittent power generation. Intermittent weather conditions from uncontrolled sources and loads, such as temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, etc., indicate the numerous disturbances to the MG. Due to the active power compensation, these disturbances affect the power quality, especially the frequency. In order to solve this problem, it is highly recommended to intelligently manage the sources that can be controlled in order to reduce the frequency variation. Using a dynamic model that uses a cascade combination of three proportional integral and derivative (PID) as a reliable frequency control under uncertainty, the controllable sources in this study are modified by a hybrid GA-TLBO. An autonomous MG is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and tested under numerous circumstances to validate the proposed method for generating the given parameters to reduce the frequency variation in various scenarios.