OPTIMAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN MICROGRIDS CONSIDERING SUPPLY DEMAND RATE AND BATTERY DISCHARGE DEPTH

Musa Terkes, Alpaslan Demirci
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Abstract

Integrating solar energy with battery energy storage systems (BESS) is critical in sustainable development plans and carbon neutrality goals. Can the energy exchange between supply and demand offer hope via effective management of BESS operations? How will the depth of discharge in microgrids affect individual BESS prosumers? Motivated by such questions, this study determines the minimum energy costs and optimal energy management considering the BESS discharge depth for industrial prosumers with different PV power production to electricity demand ratios. In addition, the impact of Epv/Eload and depth of discharge on individual PV-BESS microgrid prosumers is evaluated annually from a technical, economic, and environmental perspective. Moreover, considering the negative impact of the self-consumption rate (SCR) on the low voltage distribution network (overvoltage, power loss, etc.), unfavorable depth of discharge thresholds and Epv /Eload are determined. The optimization framework is built in Python Gurobi, and Mixed Integer Linear Programming solves the complex problem. The results show that a higher Epv /Eload can reduce the cost of energy (COE) by up to 84.1% and increase the renewable fraction (RF) and electricity sales revenues by up to 61% and up to 570.25 $/yr. It also emphasizes that for Prosumer 5, with the highest Epv /Eload (176.5%), each depth of discharge is not feasible due to SCR. In contrast, a higher depth of discharge can increase CO2 reduction by up to 4.45 tons/yr and thus provide additional revenues of up to 197.41 $/yr. Evaluating BESS operations in microgrid energy management will help many stakeholders determine reliable investments and help in the planned transition to clean energy.
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考虑供需率和电池放电深度的微电网最优能量管理
将太阳能与电池储能系统(BESS)相结合对于可持续发展计划和碳中和目标至关重要。供需之间的能源交换能否通过BESS运营的有效管理带来希望?微电网的放电深度将如何影响单个BESS产消者?在这些问题的激励下,本研究确定了在不同光伏发电需求比下,考虑BESS放电深度的工业生产用户的最小能源成本和最优能源管理。此外,每年从技术、经济和环境角度评估Epv/ load和放电深度对个别PV-BESS微电网产消者的影响。此外,考虑到自耗率(SCR)对低压配电网的负面影响(过压、损耗等),确定了不利的放电阈值深度和Epv / load。优化框架是用Python Gurobi构建的,混合整数线性规划解决了这个复杂的问题。结果表明,较高的Epv /Eload可将能源成本(COE)降低84.1%,可再生部分(RF)和电力销售收入分别提高61%和570.25美元/年。它还强调,对于最高Epv /Eload(176.5%)的prosumer5,由于可燃,每个放电深度都是不可行的。相比之下,更高的排放深度可以使二氧化碳减少高达4.45吨/年,从而提供高达197.41美元/年的额外收入。评估BESS在微电网能源管理中的运行将有助于许多利益相关者确定可靠的投资,并有助于向清洁能源的计划过渡。
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