A Liouville integrable hierarchy with four potentials and its bi-Hamiltonian structure

Abstract

"We aim to construct a Liouville integrable Hamiltonian hierarchy from a specific matrix spectral problem with four potentials through the zero curvature formulation. The Liouville integrability of the resulting hierarchy is exhibited by a bi-Hamiltonian structure explored by using the trace identity. Illustrative examples of novel four-component coupled Liouville integrable nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations and modified Korteweg-de Vries equations are presented."