Field observations of the movements of locally adapted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) living in zero and sub-zero centigrade temperatures for half the year

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Canadian Journal of Zoology Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI:10.1139/cjz-2023-0067
John M. Green, Dustin Schornagel, Khanh Nguyen, Curtis Pennell, Corey Morris
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Abstract

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) can experience mortality at sub-zero (<0°C) temperatures in ice-infested waters, and many populations migrate to deeper and warmer areas during winter. An exception is the resident population in Gilbert Bay, Labrador, which annually experiences six months of sub-zero temperatures. We used the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to estimate fish locations to determine depth utilization, and seasonal movements of tagged Gilbert Bay cod ranging in size from 43 to 75 cm. This is the first study to directly monitor the movements of adult Atlantic cod for extended periods (months) in sub-zero temperatures. Gilbert Bay cod remained active under an ice-covered surface during the six months of sub-zero temperatures. During both warm (>0°C) and cold (≤0°C) periods, fish spent similar amounts of time not moving, moving slowly, and moving at medium and fast rates. They tended to utilize shallow depths, <10 m, beneath surface ice during winter, while utilizing deeper depths as well during other times of the year. Surprisingly, fish that resided within our tracking array year-round had greater cumulative swimming distances during sub-zero periods compared to warmer periods. No tracked fish died during winter further highlighting the cold-adaptiveness of this population, and its importance to biodiversity conservation.
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实地观察当地适应的大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)在零度和零度以下的温度下生活半年
大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758)在结冰水域的零度以下(<0°C)温度下会死亡,许多种群在冬季迁移到更深更温暖的地区。拉布拉多吉尔伯特湾(Gilbert Bay)的常住人口是个例外,那里每年有六个月的气温低于零度。我们使用VEMCO定位系统(VPS)来估计鱼类的位置,以确定深度利用,以及标记的吉尔伯特湾鳕鱼的季节性移动,大小从43到75厘米不等。这是第一个直接监测大西洋成年鳕鱼在零下温度下长时间(数月)活动的研究。在气温低于零度的六个月里,吉尔伯特湾的鳕鱼在冰层覆盖的表面下保持活跃。在温暖(>0°C)和寒冷(≤0°C)的时期,鱼类花了相似的时间不移动,缓慢移动,以中等和快速的速度移动。在冬季,他们倾向于利用地表冰下10米的浅层深度,而在一年中的其他时间,他们也会利用更深的深度。令人惊讶的是,与温暖时期相比,全年生活在我们跟踪阵列中的鱼类在零下期间的累计游泳距离更大。没有追踪到的鱼类在冬季死亡,进一步突出了该种群的冷适应性及其对生物多样性保护的重要性。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.
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