Early Pliocene otolith assemblages from the outer-shelf environment reveal the establishment of mesopelagic fish fauna over 3 million years ago in southwestern Taiwan

IF 3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY Swiss Journal of Palaeontology Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI:10.1186/s13358-023-00288-0
Chien-Hsiang Lin, Siao-Man Wu, Chia-Yen Lin, Chi-Wei Chien
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Abstract

Abstract Understanding the diversity of deep-sea fish fauna based on otoliths in the tropical and subtropical West Pacific has been limited, creating a significant knowledge gap regarding regional and temporal variations in deep-sea fish fauna. To address this gap, we collected a total of 122 bulk sediment samples from the Lower Pliocene Gutingkeng Formation in southwestern Taiwan to reconstruct the otolith-based fish fauna. Using planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, we determined the age of the samples to be 5.6 to 3.1 Ma. A total of 8314 otoliths were assigned to 64 different taxa from 33 families, including the discovery of one new genus, Gutingichthys gen. nov., and three new species: Benthosema duanformis sp. nov., Benthosema parafibulatum sp. nov., and Gutingichthys changi sp. nov. Comparisons with other regional otolith-based assemblages highlighted the exceptional diversity of our collection, making it the most diverse fossil fish fauna reported from Taiwan to date. Otolith diversity analysis revealed very few taxa were dominant in the assemblage, particularly the mesopelagic Myctophidae, with a wide variety of minor taxa. The co-occurrence of shallow-water elements suggests episodic storm events as a potential source. The predominance of deep-sea and oceanic fishes indicated an outer-shelf to upper slope environment, resembling the modern outer-shelf and upper slope fish fauna in the region. Our findings suggest an early establishment and persistent presence of the mesopelagic fish community since the Early Pliocene. Further investigations of the Upper Miocene and Pleistocene sections of the Gutingkeng Formation would provide valuable insights into the evolution of deep-sea fish fauna in the area.
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外陆架环境的早上新世耳石组合揭示了300多万年前台湾西南部中远洋鱼类区系的建立
基于耳石对西太平洋热带和亚热带地区深海鱼类区系多样性的认识有限,造成了对深海鱼类区系区域和时间变化的重大知识空白。为了解决这一空白,我们收集了台湾西南部下上新世古亭坑组的122个大块沉积物样本,重建了以耳石为基础的鱼类区系。利用浮游有孔虫生物地层学,确定了样品的年龄为5.6 ~ 3.1 Ma。本研究共发现了33科64个不同分类群的8314块耳石,其中发现了1个新属Gutingichthys gen. nov.和3个新种:Benthosema duanformis sp. nov.、Benthosema parafbulatum sp. nov.和Gutingichthys changi sp. nov.。与其他区域耳石组合的比较,突出了本研究的多样性,使其成为台湾迄今报告的最多样化的化石鱼类区系。耳石多样性分析表明,在该组合中,以中上层耳虫科为主的类群很少,次要类群种类繁多。浅水元素的共同出现表明偶发性风暴事件是一个潜在的来源。以深海和远洋鱼类为主,为陆架-上坡环境,与现代陆架-上坡鱼类区系相似。我们的研究结果表明,自上新世早期以来,中远洋鱼类群落的建立和持续存在。对古亭坑组上中新世和更新世剖面的进一步研究将为该地区深海鱼类区系的演变提供有价值的见解。
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来源期刊
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
17
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: The Swiss Journal of Palaeontology publishes original research and review articles of interest to the international community in the fields of palaeontology, taxonomy and systematics, while recognising at the same time the importance of documenting high-quality palaeontological data in a regional context. Palaeobiology in combination with alpha taxonomy is a core topic of the journal. Submitted papers should have an appeal as wide as possible, directed towards an international readership. Contributions should not have been simultaneously submitted elsewhere, and the overlap of content between related articles should be minimal. Duplications of text and the use of previously published illustrations without adequate citation are unacceptable. If a manuscript has two or more authors, both or all have to sign to confirm they all were involved in the work and have agreed to its submission. The preferred manuscript language is UK English, but consistently used US English is also acceptable. We encourage the publication of proceedings of international meetings as well as special thematic issues. Short contributions and book reviews are also accepted. An international editorial team as well as guest editors guarantee that the thematic issues as well as all articles in regular issues are peer-reviewed and meet the highest standards.
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