Nature-based solutions in Australia: A systematic quantitative literature review of terms, application and policy relevance

Dan Zhu , Yue Zhang , Dave Kendal , Lily Fraser , Emily J. Flies
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Abstract

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are emerging as an approach to sustainable environmental management and addressing environmental and social issues in ways that benefit human well-being and biodiversity. NbS have been applied to social-environmental challenges such as climate change and urbanization, but with diverse conceptualisations and applications that may impact their effectiveness and broader uptake. Much of the literature and implementation of NbS has emerged from Europe and though NbS use is rising in Australia, the context is unclear. This systematic quantitative literature review aims to improve understanding of NbS in the Australian context.

Here we explore the meaning and uses of NbS in the scientific literature in Australia, through three research questions: In Australia, (1) what is meant by the term ‘nature-based solutions’? (2) what socio-ecological challenges do NbS aim to address and how? (3) what are the barriers and opportunities for greater integration of NbS into policy and practice in Australia?

We show that in Australia, local governments are using NbS in urban planning to address the compounding challenges brought on by climate change in the human-environment interfaces. However, there is no consensus on NbS definitions and approaches, research is focussed on urban areas and problems, and NbS implementation follows a bottom-up, localised pattern without an integrated policy framework. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for improving the implementation of NbS in Australia including: (1) a consistency of NbS definition and awareness of NbS approaches; (2) interdisciplinary and interdepartmental collaboration on NbS methods and effectiveness and; (3) an integrated policy framework supporting NbS nationwide.

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澳大利亚基于自然的解决方案:对术语、应用和政策相关性的系统定量文献综述
基于自然的解决方案(NbS)正在成为可持续环境管理和以有利于人类福祉和生物多样性的方式解决环境和社会问题的一种方法。国家统计局已被应用于气候变化和城市化等社会环境挑战,但由于概念和应用的不同,可能会影响其有效性和更广泛的吸收。国家统计局的许多文献和实施都来自欧洲,尽管国家统计局在澳大利亚的使用正在增加,但背景尚不清楚。本系统的定量文献综述旨在提高对澳大利亚背景下国家统计局的理解。在这里,我们通过三个研究问题来探讨NbS在澳大利亚科学文献中的意义和用途:在澳大利亚,(1)“基于自然的解决方案”一词的含义是什么?(2)国家统计局旨在解决哪些社会生态挑战,如何解决?(3)将国家统计局更大程度地融入澳大利亚的政策和实践中存在哪些障碍和机会?我们的研究表明,在澳大利亚,地方政府正在城市规划中使用国家统计局,以应对气候变化对人类环境界面带来的复杂挑战。然而,在国家统计局的定义和方法上没有达成共识,研究集中在城市地区和问题上,国家统计局的实施遵循自下而上的本地化模式,没有一个综合的政策框架。基于这些发现,我们提出了改善国家统计局在澳大利亚实施的建议,包括:(1)国家统计局定义的一致性和对国家统计局方法的认识;(2)国家统计局方法和有效性的跨学科和跨部门合作;(3)支持全国统计局的综合政策框架。
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