A. A. Anoikin, G. D. Pavlenok, V. I. Silaev, S. V. Shnaider, V. V. Koval, A. Y. Devyatova, S. K. Vasiliev, E. N. Bocharova, V. M. Kharevich, Z. K. Taimagambetov
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
We reconstruct environmental conditions at various stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of East Kazakhstan. The reconstructions are based on materials from the stratified Ushbulak site in the Shilikta Valley, spanning a period from the Early Upper Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. Climatic changes were evaluated using natural science methods-mineralogical, ZooArchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), OSL- and AMS-dating, etc. Sevaral stages, relating to environmental changes, are evaluated. The fi rst period (~52–37 ka BP) was period of moderately warm and relatively humid climate, with predominantly forest-steppe, meadow-steppe, and semidesert landscapes. The second period (~25–21 ka BP) coincided with a transition from a moderately warm to a very cold and more arid climate dominated by steppes. The third period (~18–16 ka BP) was transitional from the glacial maximum to the postglacial interstadial, with a relatively cool and arid climate and mostly steppe and forest-steppe landscapes. The fourth period (~15–14 ka BP) was characterized by the warmest climate in the Late Pleistocene; steppe and forest-steppe vegetation dominated. During the latest, Early Holocene period, the climate was warm and humid, with savanna-like landscapes. The analysis of natural-climatic conditions allows us to conclude that the early stage of the site’s functioning, characterized by the highest intensity of settlement, was optimal for ancient man.
重建了哈萨克斯坦东部晚更新世和全新世早期不同阶段的环境条件。这些重建是基于来自Shilikta山谷的分层Ushbulak遗址的材料,从旧石器时代早期到青铜器时代。气候变化的评估采用自然科学方法-矿物学,动物考古学质谱(ZooMS), OSL-和ams -定年等。对与环境变化有关的几个阶段进行了评价。第1期(~52 ~ 37 ka BP)气候温和湿润,以森林-草原、草甸-草原、半荒漠为主。第二个时期(~25 ~ 21 ka BP)与从中等温暖气候到以草原为主的非常寒冷和干旱气候的转变相吻合。第三期(~18 ~ 16 ka BP)为冰川盛期向冰期后间冰期过渡时期,气候相对凉爽干旱,景观以草原和森林草原为主。第4期(~15 ~ 14 ka BP)为晚更新世气候最暖期;以草原和森林草原植被为主。在最近的全新世早期,气候温暖湿润,有着类似热带稀树草原的景观。通过对自然气候条件的分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:该遗址功能的早期阶段,以最高强度的定居为特征,对古代人来说是最佳的。
期刊介绍:
This international journal analyzes and presents research relating to the archaeology, ethnology and anthropology of Eurasia and contiguous regions including the Pacific Rim and the Americas. The journal publishes papers and develops discussions on a wide range of research topics including: Quaternary geology; pleistocene and Holocene paleoecology ; methodology of archaeological, anthropological and ethnographical research, including field and laboratory study techniques; early human migrations; physical anthropology; paleopopulation genetics; prehistoric art; indigenous cultures and ethnocultural processes.