Systematic review of seroprevalence of markers of hepatitis B, C and HIV among oncohematological patients

Abstract

The purpose of systematic review was to assess the incidence of blood-borne infections in oncohematological patients in the period from 1980 to 2020 in different countries of the world, including in main oncohematological clinical groups of patients, assessment of the dynamics of the prevalence of blood-borne infections in the high-risk group after implementation of blood transfusion safety measures. An analysis of the data of the systematic review showed a high incidence of patients with oncohematological diseases in the period from 1980 to 2020: HCV – 8.2%, HBV (total markers) – 14.7% (HBsAg – 10.8%), HIV – 0.4 %. Middle levels of HCV and HBV infection in patients in the period from 2009 to 2017 exceeded the infection levels of the population in 2015 by 3.9 and 1.6 times, respectively. The prevalence of HIV was 1.16 times lower. According to the data of individual countries, the incidence of HCV among oncohematological patients is 1.3-118 times higher than the population, HBV – 0.4-73.5 times. The prevalence of HBsAg among children with oncohematological diseases was 18.3% and exceeded the same level among adult patients (7.1%) by 2.6 times. The prevalence of HBsAg among children with oncohematological diseases before 2000 was 14.8% and exceeded the prevalence of HBsAg among the child population before 2000 by 3 times, after 2000 – 20.5% and exceeded that among the child population by 16 times. The introduction of screening of blood donors has significantly reduced the incidence of patients at risk. Prior to the introduction of screening, the level of HCV infection among oncohematological patients was 35.7%, after the introduction of screening it was 5.2%, which is 7 times less. The level of HBV infection in the pre-screening period was 41.3%, after the introduction of screening – 5.9%, which is also 7 times less. During the course of treatment of oncohematological diseases or after its completion, the infection of patients with HCV is 7.7 times higher, HBV – 4.2 times higher, compared with infection at the stage of diagnosis or start of treatment. The level of HCV and HBV infection in patients with hematological malignancies exceeded that in patients with solid tumors by 1.8 times, both in the case of HCV and HBV. The conducted analysis emphasizes the urgency of the problem of nosocomial transmission of blood-borne infections, which is actively realized among patients at risk.