{"title":"Global East Asia: Into the Twenty-First Century","authors":"Peter J. Carroll","doi":"10.1215/00219118-10291086","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Consisting of twenty-four thematic chapters, an introduction, and conclusion, this book is a primer on the multiplicity of globalization. It offers varied, stimulating perspectives on some of the circuits, institutions, practices, and experiences of contemporary globalization that are rooted in Korea, Japan, and, above all, China. Each brief chapter provides an overview of a significant aspect of globalization, bolstered by compellingly detailed case studies, and augmented by endnotes and suggested readings to facilitate further exploration. This compendium will serve specialist and general readers who aim to consider the manifold facets of Global East Asia as a whole, as well as those who wish to gain a sophisticated understanding of a particular phenomenon and, perhaps, pursue further investigation. The volume will be an especially valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students and teachers.The chapters highlight the multidirectional trajectories of cultural, capital, information, and human flows. The worlding of Chinese medicine, the popularity of the Korean Wave among different populations in the United States, and the global circulation of Maoism are some of the subjects that highlight the influence and circulation of phenomena that travel out from the region, while Shanghai jazz demonstrates how the inflow of transnational jazz men and different performance idioms produced a novel, modern Chinese entertainment culture that was and remains a creative constituent of a global music tradition. Several other chapters scrutinize global institutions and practices, such as Ai Weiwei's film and other artistic projects on the plight of refugees, China's aims to reshape the governance of cyberspace, and the influence of East Asian regenerative medicine research—which is subject to less stringent regulation than North American and European efforts—on stem cell technologies and other scientific developments. At the same time, one can perceive global processes by examining a single place, as demonstrated in a sensitive and affecting study of popular attitudes toward the US military presence in Okinawa, which traces the influence of war, memory, and geopolitics in the making of place.International development aid is often seen as defined by American and European norms and practices, although the rise of China as a major source of grants and loans to African nations or to countries in Asia and Europe as part of the Belt and Road Initiative is altering that impression. Yet Japan's Official Development Assistance, which developed in light of Japan's experience as an aid recipient and thus diverged from Euro-American models, has long helped shaped international assistance. In particular, its Livelihood Improvement Program and One Village One Product schemes, which emphasize the use of existing resources and self-reliance, have been introduced widely elsewhere in Asia and in Africa and Latin America. Indeed, both projects were exported to China and have, in turn, helped shape the development of China's own assistance programs.East Asia has globalization without immigration, a significant difference from the situation found in much of the Americas, Europe, and elsewhere. Perhaps more than anywhere else in the world, people affirm that their societies are characterized by cultural and ethnic homogeneity. Though this truth may have some veracity, it is also an aspect of political ideology. Indeed, cultural diversity is delimited by strictly controlled immigration policies and nationalist ideologies of homogeneity and unity that mask existing varieties of identification, belief, and historical experience. Several stimulating chapters explore this complex, politically fraught terrain. One engaging essay analyzes the decisions of Chinese-foreign families as to whether to claim Chinese citizenship or that of the foreign spouse (the chapter examines Chinese-Vietnamese/Russian/Cameroonian marriages) for their children; the inquiry illuminates boundaries of gender, race, and class in China, as well as moral, legal, and sociocultural dimensions of PRC citizenship. Other essays survey diasporic Japanese, Korean, and Chinese populations in the United States and Southeast Asia to examine the shifting valences of identity over generations and the influence of diasporic populations back in the ethnic homeland.The final portion of the book considers China's rise and its increased ambition to reshape the existing global order. Though the term decoupling may evoke the hostility and scatter-shot implementation of the Trump administration's goal of diminishing US economic integration with China, the United States is relatively late to the decoupling game. The “Made in China 2025” policy, issued in 2015, aims to displace China's reliance on foreign technologies (especially those from the United States) and to climb up the value chain. Differences between Beijing and Washington notwithstanding, they are pursuing similar policies albeit for their own strategic national interests. Increasing economic, social, and cultural entanglement of the United States and the PRC has been a defining characteristic of the global order since the 1980s. Should one or both parties achieve their desired relative autonomy, it seems likely that globalization may look and function rather differently in the future.","PeriodicalId":47551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Asian Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00219118-10291086","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AREA STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Consisting of twenty-four thematic chapters, an introduction, and conclusion, this book is a primer on the multiplicity of globalization. It offers varied, stimulating perspectives on some of the circuits, institutions, practices, and experiences of contemporary globalization that are rooted in Korea, Japan, and, above all, China. Each brief chapter provides an overview of a significant aspect of globalization, bolstered by compellingly detailed case studies, and augmented by endnotes and suggested readings to facilitate further exploration. This compendium will serve specialist and general readers who aim to consider the manifold facets of Global East Asia as a whole, as well as those who wish to gain a sophisticated understanding of a particular phenomenon and, perhaps, pursue further investigation. The volume will be an especially valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students and teachers.The chapters highlight the multidirectional trajectories of cultural, capital, information, and human flows. The worlding of Chinese medicine, the popularity of the Korean Wave among different populations in the United States, and the global circulation of Maoism are some of the subjects that highlight the influence and circulation of phenomena that travel out from the region, while Shanghai jazz demonstrates how the inflow of transnational jazz men and different performance idioms produced a novel, modern Chinese entertainment culture that was and remains a creative constituent of a global music tradition. Several other chapters scrutinize global institutions and practices, such as Ai Weiwei's film and other artistic projects on the plight of refugees, China's aims to reshape the governance of cyberspace, and the influence of East Asian regenerative medicine research—which is subject to less stringent regulation than North American and European efforts—on stem cell technologies and other scientific developments. At the same time, one can perceive global processes by examining a single place, as demonstrated in a sensitive and affecting study of popular attitudes toward the US military presence in Okinawa, which traces the influence of war, memory, and geopolitics in the making of place.International development aid is often seen as defined by American and European norms and practices, although the rise of China as a major source of grants and loans to African nations or to countries in Asia and Europe as part of the Belt and Road Initiative is altering that impression. Yet Japan's Official Development Assistance, which developed in light of Japan's experience as an aid recipient and thus diverged from Euro-American models, has long helped shaped international assistance. In particular, its Livelihood Improvement Program and One Village One Product schemes, which emphasize the use of existing resources and self-reliance, have been introduced widely elsewhere in Asia and in Africa and Latin America. Indeed, both projects were exported to China and have, in turn, helped shape the development of China's own assistance programs.East Asia has globalization without immigration, a significant difference from the situation found in much of the Americas, Europe, and elsewhere. Perhaps more than anywhere else in the world, people affirm that their societies are characterized by cultural and ethnic homogeneity. Though this truth may have some veracity, it is also an aspect of political ideology. Indeed, cultural diversity is delimited by strictly controlled immigration policies and nationalist ideologies of homogeneity and unity that mask existing varieties of identification, belief, and historical experience. Several stimulating chapters explore this complex, politically fraught terrain. One engaging essay analyzes the decisions of Chinese-foreign families as to whether to claim Chinese citizenship or that of the foreign spouse (the chapter examines Chinese-Vietnamese/Russian/Cameroonian marriages) for their children; the inquiry illuminates boundaries of gender, race, and class in China, as well as moral, legal, and sociocultural dimensions of PRC citizenship. Other essays survey diasporic Japanese, Korean, and Chinese populations in the United States and Southeast Asia to examine the shifting valences of identity over generations and the influence of diasporic populations back in the ethnic homeland.The final portion of the book considers China's rise and its increased ambition to reshape the existing global order. Though the term decoupling may evoke the hostility and scatter-shot implementation of the Trump administration's goal of diminishing US economic integration with China, the United States is relatively late to the decoupling game. The “Made in China 2025” policy, issued in 2015, aims to displace China's reliance on foreign technologies (especially those from the United States) and to climb up the value chain. Differences between Beijing and Washington notwithstanding, they are pursuing similar policies albeit for their own strategic national interests. Increasing economic, social, and cultural entanglement of the United States and the PRC has been a defining characteristic of the global order since the 1980s. Should one or both parties achieve their desired relative autonomy, it seems likely that globalization may look and function rather differently in the future.
本书由24个主题章节、导言和结语组成,是全球化多样性的入门读物。它对根植于韩国、日本,尤其是中国的当代全球化的一些回路、制度、实践和经验提供了不同的、令人兴奋的视角。每一个简短的章节都提供了全球化的一个重要方面的概述,辅以引人注目的详细案例研究,并辅以尾注和建议阅读材料,以促进进一步的探索。本简编将服务于旨在考虑全球东亚作为一个整体的多个方面的专家和一般读者,以及那些希望对某一特定现象有深入了解并可能进行进一步调查的人。这本书将是一个特别宝贵的资源,本科生和研究生的学生和教师。这些章节强调了文化、资本、信息和人员流动的多向轨迹。中医的世界,韩流在美国不同人群中的流行,以及毛主义的全球传播都是一些主题,这些主题突出了从该地区传播出去的现象的影响和流通,而上海爵士乐则展示了跨国爵士乐人的流入和不同的表演习惯如何产生了一种新颖的,现代中国娱乐文化,它曾经是,现在仍然是全球音乐传统的创造性组成部分。其他几章则审视了全球机构和实践,比如艾未未关于难民困境的电影和其他艺术项目,中国重塑网络空间治理的目标,以及东亚再生医学研究对干细胞技术和其他科学发展的影响——与北美和欧洲相比,东亚再生医学研究受到的监管不那么严格。与此同时,人们可以通过考察一个地方来感知全球进程,正如对冲绳美军存在的公众态度的一项敏感而影响深远的研究所证明的那样,该研究追踪了战争、记忆和地缘政治对地方形成的影响。国际发展援助通常被认为是由美国和欧洲的规范和实践来定义的,尽管作为“一带一路”倡议的一部分,中国作为向非洲国家或亚洲和欧洲国家提供赠款和贷款的主要来源的崛起正在改变这种印象。然而,日本的官方发展援助(Official Development Assistance)长期以来帮助塑造了国际援助,它是根据日本作为受援国的经验发展起来的,因此与欧美模式有所不同。特别是强调利用现有资源和自力更生的“改善生计方案”和“一村一品”计划,已在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲其他地区广泛推行。事实上,这两个项目都出口到了中国,并反过来帮助塑造了中国自己的援助项目的发展。东亚在没有移民的情况下实现了全球化,这与美洲、欧洲和其他地方的情况有很大不同。也许比世界上任何其他地方,人们更肯定他们的社会具有文化和种族同质性。虽然这个事实可能有一定的真实性,但它也是政治意识形态的一个方面。事实上,文化多样性受到严格控制的移民政策和民族主义的同质性和统一性意识形态的限制,这些意识形态掩盖了现有的身份、信仰和历史经验的多样性。有几个刺激的章节探讨了这个复杂的、充满政治色彩的领域。一篇引人入胜的文章分析了中外家庭为子女申请中国国籍或外国配偶申请中国国籍的决定(该章考察了中国-越南/俄罗斯/喀麦隆的婚姻);该调查阐明了中国性别、种族和阶级的界限,以及中国公民的道德、法律和社会文化维度。其他文章调查了散居在美国和东南亚的日本、韩国和中国人口,以考察几代人之间身份价值的变化,以及散居人口回到民族家园的影响。本书的最后一部分探讨了中国的崛起及其重塑现有全球秩序的雄心。尽管“脱钩”一词可能会引起特朗普政府减少中美经济一体化的目标的敌意和分散实施,但美国参与“脱钩”游戏的时间相对较晚。2015年发布的“中国制造2025”政策旨在取代中国对外国技术(尤其是来自美国的技术)的依赖,并向价值链上游攀升。 尽管北京和华盛顿之间存在分歧,但他们都在追求类似的政策,尽管是出于各自的战略国家利益。自20世纪80年代以来,美国和中国在经济、社会和文化方面日益紧密的联系一直是全球秩序的一个决定性特征。如果一方或双方都实现了他们想要的相对自主权,那么未来全球化的面貌和功能可能会大不相同。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Asian Studies (JAS) has played a defining role in the field of Asian studies for over 65 years. JAS publishes the very best empirical and multidisciplinary work on Asia, spanning the arts, history, literature, the social sciences, and cultural studies. Experts around the world turn to this quarterly journal for the latest in-depth scholarship on Asia"s past and present, for its extensive book reviews, and for its state-of-the-field essays on established and emerging topics. With coverage reaching from South and Southeast Asia to China, Inner Asia, and Northeast Asia, JAS welcomes broad comparative and transnational studies as well as essays emanating from fine-grained historical, cultural, political, or literary research and interpretation.