Effects of Climate Change and Urbanization on Vegetation Phenology in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area

Dan M. Savastru, Maria A. Zoran, Roxana S. Savastru, Marina N. Tautan, Daniel V. Tenciu
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Abstract

Being an essential issue in global warming, the response of urban vegetation to climate change and urbanization has become an increasing concern at both the local and global levels. This study aims to investigate the effect of the urban environment on vegetation phenology for the Bucharest metropolitan area in Romania and to identify the potential climate drivers that influence key phenology in the urban environment. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the response of urban vegetation phenology shifts due to climate variability and urbanization in the Bucharest metropolitan area from a spatiotemporal perspective during the 2002- 2022 period. Through synergy use of time series of the main climate variables, Air temperature -AT, land surface temperature (LST), and biophysical variables derived from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite and in-situ data, this study developed a complex statistical and spatial regression analysis. Green space was measured with satellite-derived vegetation indicators Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Net Primary Production (NPP) data, which captures the combined availability of urban parks, street trees, forest, and periurban agricultural areas. Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) indicators have been used to characterize the effects of meteorological parameters and urbanization impacts on vegetation phenology and their changes. The results show that the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization level and climate parameters variability has a distinct spatiotemporal difference across the urban/periurban gradient. The findings of this study show that the land surface temperature anomalies associated with urbanization-induced climate warming, especially during strong summer heat waves and under urban heat islands alter urban vegetation biophysical properties, directly impacting its phenology shifts. At the metropolitan scale, the urban thermal environment directly impacts vegetation phenology patterns. The quantitative findings of this study are of great importance for understanding the complex impacts of urbanization and climate changes on vegetation phenology and for developing models to predict vegetation phenological changes under future urbanization.
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气候变化和城市化对布加勒斯特大都市区植被物候的影响
作为全球变暖的核心问题,城市植被对气候变化和城市化的响应日益受到地方和全球层面的关注。本研究旨在探讨城市环境对罗马尼亚布加勒斯特大都市区植被物候的影响,并确定影响城市环境中关键物候的潜在气候驱动因素。本文综合分析了2002- 2022年布加勒斯特大都市区气候变率和城市化对城市植被物候变化的时空响应。通过协同利用MODIS Terra/Aqua卫星和现场数据的主要气候变量、气温-AT、地表温度(LST)和生物物理变量的时间序列,进行了复杂的统计和空间回归分析。利用卫星衍生的植被指标归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)和净初级生产力(NPP)数据来测量绿地,这些数据捕获了城市公园、行道树、森林和城郊农业区的综合可用性。利用叶面积指数(LAI)和光合有效辐射(FPAR)指标表征了气象参数和城市化对植被物候及其变化的影响。结果表明:在城市/城郊梯度上,植被物候对城市化水平和气候参数变率的响应存在明显的时空差异。研究结果表明,城市化引起的气候变暖,特别是夏季强热浪和城市热岛下的地表温度异常,会改变城市植被的生物物理特性,直接影响其物候变化。在大都市尺度上,城市热环境直接影响植被物候格局。本研究的定量结果对于认识城市化和气候变化对植被物候的复杂影响,以及建立预测未来城市化条件下植被物候变化的模型具有重要意义。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
118
期刊介绍: WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development publishes original research papers relating to the studying of environmental sciences. We aim to bring important work to a wide international audience and therefore only publish papers of exceptional scientific value that advance our understanding of these particular areas. The research presented must transcend the limits of case studies, while both experimental and theoretical studies are accepted. It is a multi-disciplinary journal and therefore its content mirrors the diverse interests and approaches of scholars involved with sustainable development, climate change, natural hazards, renewable energy systems and related areas. We also welcome scholarly contributions from officials with government agencies, international agencies, and non-governmental organizations.
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