Abdulghani Swesi, Yusri Yusup, Mardiana I. Ahmad, Muhammad F. Sigid, Haitem M. Almdhun, Ehsan J. Jamshidi, Sazlina Salleh
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This work presents the relationship between the monsoons and the upwelling–downwelling processes of the tropical coastal sea of the Sunda Shelf on CO 2 flux measured using the eddy covariance method. The understanding on the co-impact of upwelling–downwelling processes to physical–biological parameters that affect the CO 2 flux in the region is limited. This study aims to determine the factors and trends influencing the flux. We found that upwelling (downwelling) overlapped with the Northeast (Southwest) Monsoon as evidenced by the high (low) daily averaged chlorophyll-α concentrations. Increased chlorophyll-α with a mean of 1.70 mg m −3 was observed in the upwelling period, whereas in the downwelling period, it decreased to 0.49 mg m −3 . The CO 2 flux correlated with the seawater temperature and wind speed. The CO 2 flux was negative, −2.33 mmol m −2 day −1 (positive, 0.54 mmol m −2 day −1 ), in the upwelling-Northeast Monsoon (downwelling-Southwest Monsoon) season. On the climatological hourly timescale, this pattern showed that during the downwelling-Southwest Monsoon season, there were durations of increased, positive pulses of CO 2 flux, possibly because of higher temperatures, lower wind speeds, and low levels of chlorophyll-α. Conversely, in the upwelling-Northeast Monsoon season, there were periods of decreased flux, which occurred briefly during the day because of increasing concentrations of chlorophyll-α and at night due to lower temperatures and higher wind speeds.
期刊介绍:
Ecosystem Health and Sustainability publishes articles on advances in ecology and sustainability science, how global environmental change affects ecosystem health, how changes in human activities affect ecosystem conditions, and system-based approaches for applying ecological science in decision-making to promote sustainable development. Papers focus on applying ecological theory, principles, and concepts to support sustainable development, especially in regions undergoing rapid environmental change. Papers on multi-scale, integrative, and interdisciplinary studies, and on international collaborations between scientists from industrialized and industrializing countries are especially welcome.
Suitable topics for EHS include:
• Global, regional and local studies of international significance
• Impact of global or regional environmental change on natural ecosystems
• Interdisciplinary research involving integration of natural, social, and behavioral sciences
• Science and policy that promote the use of ecological sciences in decision making
• Novel or multidisciplinary approaches for solving complex ecological problems
• Multi-scale and long-term observations of ecosystem evolution
• Development of novel systems approaches or modeling and simulation techniques
• Rapid responses to emerging ecological issues.