Katherine Nicole McElroy, Ray Hilborn, Curry Cunningham, Thomas P. Quinn
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Many foraging models assume “perfect information” and “free movement” when describing predator foraging behavior, although this is rare in nature. Here we quantified predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos, (Linnaeus, 1758)) on adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, (Walbaum, 1792)) in a series of spatially proximate ponds that largely satisfied both assumptions. Salmon abundance varied among years but pond area and depth were fixed, allowing us to examine interactions between prey abundance and habitat features. We applied versions of two models to 25 years of data on the number and proportion of salmon killed by bears, modifying these models to include habitat features and temporal variability. The functional response model with a year effect fit the data well, indicating bears could take almost all salmon in ponds when salmon were scarce, but bears were sated when salmon were abundant. The proportion of salmon killed by bears was similar across habitats after correcting for pond depth and area. Overall, bears foraged across all habitats, but killed higher proportions of salmon in smaller and shallower habitats, consistent with ease of capture.
期刊介绍:
Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.