Effectiveness of the vaccine (Covaxin®) on different age groups of people: A pilot study

Q3 Medicine Vacunas Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.vacun.2023.07.005

Vivek Chauhan , Adrija Rakshit , Vivek Kumar Dhiman , Gaytri Mahajan , Akash Pnadey , Shamsher Singh Kanwar , Devendra Singh

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Abstract

Background

Covaxin® is a COVID-19 vaccine created and produced by Bharat Biotech in India. The vaccine is based on the strain of SARS-CoV-2 that was first identified in India and has undergone Phase III clinical trials. Covaxin® has been authorized for emergency use in India and has been distributed as part of India's vaccination campaign. The vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, but additional studies are needed to determine its efficacy as well as safety in the long term.

Methods

The antibody titer against Covaxin® was detected through indirect ELISA immunoassay. Optimization was performed on 500 samples to get an idea and work further on a larger number of samples.

Results

The vaccine had the best immune response in individuals between the ages of 21 and 30 and the least response in those between 61 and 70. This was attributed to the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which explains the weakening of the immune system with age. Additionally, the study found that the equine anti-CoV-19 serum had a higher binding affinity with Covaxin®, highlighting the effectiveness of horse Ig against COVID-19 antigens.

Conclusions

The study concluded that Covaxin® was effective in generating an immune response in individuals after 2 doses of vaccination; however, the generated immune response decreased with the time of vaccine administration and the age of the vaccinated. The study also showed that the ELISA technique used in this research is an efficient and sensitive method to evaluate vaccine efficiency and can be applied to a larger number of samples for further comparative analysis.

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疫苗 (Covaxin®) 对不同年龄段人群的有效性：试点研究

背景Covaxin®是印度Bharat生物技术公司创造和生产的COVID-19疫苗。该疫苗基于在印度首次发现的 SARS-CoV-2 株系，并已进行了 III 期临床试验。Covaxin® 已获准在印度紧急使用，并已作为印度疫苗接种活动的一部分分发。该疫苗已被证明可有效预防 COVID-19 感染和住院治疗，但仍需进行更多研究以确定其长期疗效和安全性。方法通过间接 ELISA 免疫测定法检测 Covaxin® 的抗体滴度。结果疫苗对 21-30 岁人群的免疫反应最好，而对 61-70 岁人群的反应最小。这归因于免疫衰老现象，即免疫系统随着年龄的增长而减弱。此外，研究还发现马的抗 COV-19 血清与 Covaxin® 的结合亲和力更高，这突出表明了马 Ig 对 COVID-19 抗原的有效性。结论该研究得出结论，Covaxin® 能有效地使接种 2 剂疫苗后的个体产生免疫反应；但是，产生的免疫反应会随着接种疫苗的时间和接种者的年龄而降低。研究还表明，本研究中使用的 ELISA 技术是一种高效、灵敏的疫苗效率评估方法，可应用于更多样本的进一步比较分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vacunas Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

138

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： Sin duda una de las mejores publicaciones para conocer los avances en el campo de las vacunaciones preventivas, tanto en el ámbito de la investigación básica como aplicada y en la evaluación de programas de vacunaciones. Su alta calidad y utilidad la ha llevado a estar indexada en los prestigiosos índices IME y SCOPUS.