Clinico-pathological profile of parotid gland tumors at a tertiary care center in North India

Abstract

Aim of the Study: The objective of this study was to know the various types of parotid tumors and their clinical presentations, surgical management, and post-operative outcome. Material and Methods: Data of 102 patients assessed from hospital records who underwent parotid surgery between the years 2013 and 2018 were obtained. Parameters included age, sex, socio-demographic profile, presenting complaints, examination findings, and cytopathology. Surgical techniques, post-operative complications such as a facial scar, retro-mandibular and pre-auricular depression, facial palsy, Frey's syndrome, and numbness over the ear lobule were analyzed. Result: Out of a total of 102 patients, 54.0% of patients were male, and 45.1% were female. The mean age of patients was 33.30 ± 13.87 years ranging from 7 to 65 years. The most common clinical presentation was swelling in the parotid region (95.1%), and associated symptoms with swelling were pain (17.5%), facial palsy (4.9%), discharging sinus (4.9%), and ulcerative lesions (1%) at the time of presentation. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (76.5%), followed by Warthin's tumors (2.9%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant neoplasm (3.9%). After parotid surgery, 35% of patients had a sensory impairment or hypoesthesia of the ear lobule, and 23.28% had temporary facial nerve weakness. 5.0% of patients had permanent facial weakness, and 2.06% of patients had weakness of the marginal mandibular nerve. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are the most common benign and malignant tumors, respectively, and parotidectomy is the treatment of choice, depending on the tumor location. Successful treatment depends on early diagnosis and histopathological and radiological investigations. Sensory impairment and temporary facial nerve paralysis are the most common post-operative complications, which are minimized by proper knowledge of anatomy and meticulous dissection of the facial nerve during parotid surgery.