The Impact of Globalisation on Traditional Architecture in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos Island

Abstract

This study examines the impact of globalisation on traditional architecture and the preservation efforts for traditional architecture on Lagos Island, Nigeria. The architectural landscape of Lagos Island reflects a rich cultural and historical heritage influenced by Portuguese, British, and indigenous Yoruba architectural styles. However, globalisation has led to significant changes in architectural practices, materials, and preferences, displacing traditional architecture in urban areas. A qualitative research approach was employed in this study, and data were collected from eight participants who are architects using semi-structured interviews. This study employed thematic analysis for the interview transcript and developed five themes. The findings reveal that globalisation has shifted from traditional building practices and materials to modern ones, such as reinforced concrete and steel, glass facades, and sleek designs. This shift is driven by the desire to adopt Western architectural styles associated with modernity and progress. As a result, traditional architecture has been relegated to rural areas and is no longer viewed as relevant in urban settings. Imported materials and technologies further erode traditional architecture and cultural values. Cultural identity erosion is a significant concern as traditional architecture loses its distinctiveness to global styles, leading to a homogenised architectural landscape. Loss of intangible cultural values exacerbates this erosion. However, globalisation also brings positive impacts, including new ideas, materials, and construction techniques that foster innovation and diversity in architectural styles. However, efforts to preserve and promote traditional architecture on Lagos Island face several challenges, including rapid urbanisation, the lack of awareness and appreciation among the younger generation, inadequate maintenance and funding, and the absence of comprehensive legal protection and planning policies. Recommendations for preserving traditional architecture in response to these challenges include implementing strict preservation laws, financial incentives for property owners, education and awareness campaigns, integrating traditional elements into modern designs, and community engagement in decision-making processes. The study emphasises the need for a balanced approach that values both tradition and modernity, recognising the cultural and social significance of traditional architecture while incorporating global influences.